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Related Concept Videos

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra. Schrödinger...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...
Equilibrium Conditions for a Particle01:23

Equilibrium Conditions for a Particle

When an object is in equilibrium, it is either at rest or moving with a constant velocity. There are two types of equilibrium: static and dynamic. Static equilibrium occurs when an object is at rest, while dynamic equilibrium occurs when an object is moving with a constant velocity. In both cases, there must be a balance of forces acting on the object.
To understand the concept of equilibrium, let us first consider the forces acting on an object. When different forces act on an object, they can...
Directionality of Nuclear Transport01:42

Directionality of Nuclear Transport

Ras-related nuclear protein or Ran is a small G protein that cycles between its GTP and GDP bound states. Ran specific regulators, a Ran GTPase Activating Protein or RanGAP present in the cytosol and a Ran guanine nucleotide exchange factor or RanGEF present inside the nucleus regulate GTP/GDP exchange. A high concentration of GTP inside the cells, in addition to this asymmetric distribution of  Ran-specific regulators, leads to a higher RanGTP concentration inside the nucleus. This...
Molecular Orbital Theory I02:35

Molecular Orbital Theory I

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
07:46

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Published on: November 15, 2013

Constrained-path quantum Monte Carlo approach for the nuclear shell model.

J Bonnard1, O Juillet

  • 1LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, Caen, France.

Physical Review Letters
|July 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel quantum Monte Carlo method accurately predicts nuclear properties using a symmetry-restored wave function. This approach overcomes common simulation challenges, providing precise yrast spectroscopies for various nuclei.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
07:46

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Published on: November 15, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Physics
  • Computational Physics
  • Quantum Many-Body Systems

Background:

  • The nuclear shell model is crucial for understanding atomic nuclei.
  • Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods are powerful for simulating quantum systems.
  • Fermionic QMC simulations often face sign or phase problem challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a new QMC approach for investigating low-lying nuclear states.
  • To address and control the sign/phase problem in fermionic simulations.
  • To validate the method's accuracy in nuclear spectroscopy.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a variational symmetry-restored wave function to guide Brownian motion.
  • Implementing a fixed-node-like approximation to constrain stochastic paths.
  • Applying the method to sd and pf valence spaces with realistic interactions.

Main Results:

  • The proposed QMC scheme successfully controls sign/phase problem issues.
  • Exploratory results demonstrate the method's capability.
  • Nearly exact yrast spectroscopies were obtained for both even- and odd-mass nuclei.

Conclusions:

  • The new QMC approach is effective for nuclear structure calculations.
  • The method provides accurate predictions for nuclear energy spectra.
  • This technique offers a reliable tool for studying nuclear properties.