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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Overview of Fungi01:29

Overview of Fungi

Fungi are a diverse group of eukaryotes more closely related to animals than other eukaryotes. Fungal cell walls comprise chitin, a polysaccharide that provides structural strength, and glucans, which contribute to flexibility and integrity. Other polysaccharides, such as mannans and galactosans, may supplement or replace chitin in some fungi. These adaptations, along with their preference for acidic environments and tolerance for high osmotic pressure, enable fungi to thrive in various...
Fungal Group Zygomycota01:29

Fungal Group Zygomycota

Zygomycota, previously classified as a distinct fungal group, are primarily terrestrial, saprophytic molds that play a crucial role as decomposers. Recent phylogenetic studies have revealed that these fungi are now divided into two major clades — Mucoromycota, which includes many symbiotic species, and Zoopagomycota, which primarily consists of parasitic and pathogenic fungi. These groups exhibit distinct ecological roles and reproductive strategies while sharing key structural and...
Antifungal Agents01:15

Antifungal Agents

Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to cholesterol contributes to...
Fungal Phylum Basidiomycota01:26

Fungal Phylum Basidiomycota

Basidiomycota is a diverse phylum of fungi that includes ecologically significant decomposers such as white rot fungi, symbionts like mycorrhizal fungi, plant pathogens such as rusts and smuts, and edible species like Agaricus bisporus (the common button mushroom). These fungi play crucial roles in nutrient cycling, symbiotic relationships, and even human health. Their defining feature is the basidium, a microscopic club-shaped structure responsible for producing basidiospores.Fruiting Bodies...
Fungal Phylum Ascomycota01:28

Fungal Phylum Ascomycota

Phylum Ascomycota, a major division within the subkingdom Dikarya, comprises a diverse range of fungal species, including both unicellular yeasts and filamentous molds such as Aspergillus and Penicillium. These fungi thrive in a variety of habitats, from aquatic ecosystems to terrestrial environments, playing crucial ecological and economic roles.Morphology and ReproductionThe defining characteristic of Ascomycetes, commonly referred to as sac fungi, is the ascus—a sac-like structure that...

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Related Experiment Videos

Onchomycosis: an overview.

Boni E Elewski1, Phoebe Rich, Antonella Tosti

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama-Birmingham, AL, USA.

Journal of Drugs in Dermatology : JDD
|July 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Onychomycosis, a common fungal nail infection, primarily affects toenails and is caused by various fungi. Distal lateral subungual onychomycosis is the most frequent subtype, characterized by fungal invasion and nail changes.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Onychomycosis is a prevalent fungal infection affecting the nail unit, with a higher incidence in toenails compared to fingernails.
  • The infection can be caused by dermatophytes, nondermatophyte molds, and Candida species.
  • Several subtypes exist, classified by the fungal invasion method, with distal lateral subungual onychomycosis being the most common.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the common fungal nail infection, onychomycosis.
  • To detail the pathogenesis and classification of onychomycosis subtypes.
  • To highlight the clinical presentation of distal lateral subungual onychomycosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on onychomycosis.
  • Classification of onychomycosis based on etiological agents and clinical presentation.
  • Description of the pathological process in distal lateral subungual onychomycosis.

Main Results:

  • Onychomycosis is caused by dermatophytes, nondermatophyte molds, and Candida.
  • Distal lateral subungual onychomycosis is the most common subtype.
  • This subtype involves fungal entry into the distal lateral nail bed, leading to hyperkeratosis and onycholysis.

Conclusions:

  • Onychomycosis is a common fungal nail infection with diverse causative agents.
  • Understanding the subtypes, particularly distal lateral subungual onychomycosis, is crucial for diagnosis and management.
  • The characteristic features include fungal invasion, subungual hyperkeratosis, and nail plate detachment.