Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Reconstruction of Signal using Interpolation01:10

Reconstruction of Signal using Interpolation

Signal processing techniques are essential for accurately converting continuous signals to digital formats and vice versa. When a continuous signal is sampled with a period T, the resulting sampled signal exhibits replicas of the original spectrum in the frequency domain, spaced at intervals equal to the sampling frequency. To handle this sampled signal, a zero-order hold method can be applied, which creates a piecewise constant signal by retaining each sample's value until the next sampling...
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop01:16

Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop

Consider a circular loop with a radius a, that carries a current I. The magnetic field due to the current at an arbitrary point P along the axis of the loop can be calculated using the Biot-Savart law.
Inductance: Single-Phase And Three-Phase Line01:28

Inductance: Single-Phase And Three-Phase Line

Understanding the inductance of transmission lines is crucial for efficient design and operation in electrical power systems. This discussion delves into the inductance characteristics of single-phase two-wire and three-phase three-wire transmission lines with equal phase spacing.
Single-Phase Two-Wire Line:
A single-phase line consists of two solid cylindrical conductors, denoted as x and y. Each conductor carries phasor currents ix and iy, respectively. Given that the sum of these currents is...
Divergence and Curl of Magnetic Field01:26

Divergence and Curl of Magnetic Field

The magnetic field due to a volume current distribution given by the Biot–Savart Law can be expressed as follows:
Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Evaluation of Electrical Impedance Myography as a Noninvasive Musculoskeletal Biomarker in Infantile- and Late-Onset Pompe Disease.

Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics·2026
Same author

The Potential for Absolute Temperature Imaging Based on Brain Metabolites Using an FID-Shifting Approach in Gradient Echo Planar Spectroscopic Imaging (GREPSI).

Magnetic resonance in medicine·2026
Same author

Inter-observer variability in breast segmentation and its impact on focused ultrasound thermal therapy modeling.

Physics in medicine and biology·2026
Same author

AN IN SILICO STUDY OF LOW-INTENSITY FOCUSED ULTRASOUND DISPLACEMENT MAPPING WITH A 220 KHZ CLINICAL PHASED-ARRAY TRANSDUCER.

Proceedings. IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging·2026
Same author

A Magnetic Resonance-Compatible Fiberoptic Temperature Sensor for Measuring Focused Ultrasound-Induced Heating Without Artifacts.

Ultrasound in medicine & biology·2026
Same author

Corrigendum to "Characterization of focused ultrasound blood-brain barrier disruption effect on inflammation as a function of treatment parameters" [Biomed. Pharmacother. 182 (2025) 117762].

Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie·2026
Same journal

Feasibility and SNR Performance of Hyperpolarized <sup>129</sup>Xe Gas Exchange Imaging Using a Balanced SSFP Sequence.

Magnetic resonance in medicine·2026
Same journal

Multi-Contrast Human Brain CEST MRI at 11.7 T: First In Vivo Demonstration.

Magnetic resonance in medicine·2026
Same journal

Suppression of Oscillation and Ghosting in RF-Spoiled Gradient-Echo-Based Dynamic Imaging.

Magnetic resonance in medicine·2026
Same journal

A Simple, Dynamic Geometric Phantom for MRI and CT Reconstruction Pipelines: Beyond Shepp-Logan.

Magnetic resonance in medicine·2026
Same journal

7T 3D-EPI PCASL With High SNR Efficiency and Robustness to Through-Plane B<sub>0</sub> Field Gradients.

Magnetic resonance in medicine·2026
Same journal

A Comparison of Tissue Property Values Estimated Using Conventional Cardiac MRF and MT-Cardiac MRF.

Magnetic resonance in medicine·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

MRM Microcoil Performance Calibration and Usage Demonstrated on Medicago truncatula Roots at 22 T
10:22

MRM Microcoil Performance Calibration and Usage Demonstrated on Medicago truncatula Roots at 22 T

Published on: January 16, 2021

Phase reconstruction from multiple coil data using a virtual reference coil.

Dennis L Parker1, Allison Payne, Nick Todd

  • 1Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|September 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a virtual reference coil method for optimal absolute magnetization phase estimation in multi-coil MRI. This technique improves phase variance reduction in combined MRI images.

Keywords:
MRIimage combinationnoise correlationphased array

More Related Videos

Three-Dimensional Phase Resolved Functional Lung Magnetic Resonance Imaging
10:44

Three-Dimensional Phase Resolved Functional Lung Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: June 21, 2024

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease
09:30

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease

Published on: December 18, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

MRM Microcoil Performance Calibration and Usage Demonstrated on Medicago truncatula Roots at 22 T
10:22

MRM Microcoil Performance Calibration and Usage Demonstrated on Medicago truncatula Roots at 22 T

Published on: January 16, 2021

Three-Dimensional Phase Resolved Functional Lung Magnetic Resonance Imaging
10:44

Three-Dimensional Phase Resolved Functional Lung Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: June 21, 2024

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease
09:30

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease

Published on: December 18, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Medical Physics
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Accurate estimation of absolute magnetization phase is crucial for quantitative MRI.
  • Multi-coil receiver arrays enhance MRI signal-to-noise ratio but introduce phase variations.
  • Existing methods struggle to optimally combine data from multiple receiver coils due to phase inconsistencies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel method for obtaining optimal estimates of absolute magnetization phase from multi-coil MRI data.
  • To address the challenge of element-specific phase variations in multi-element receiver coil arrays.
  • To improve the quality and quantitative accuracy of MRI images reconstructed from multi-coil acquisitions.

Main Methods:

  • A virtual-reference coil, generated as a weighted combination of all receiver coil measurements, is used to account for element-specific phases.
  • The phase of this virtual-reference coil serves as a reference for phase correction across all receiver channels.
  • Phase-corrected complex images are combined using the inverse covariance matrix to account for receiver channel noise covariance.

Main Results:

  • The virtual-reference coil method successfully corrects for phase variations in multi-coil MRI data.
  • Referencing to a real or virtual coil yields nearly identical receiver phases, with differences primarily due to individual channel noise.
  • Combined images demonstrate a significant reduction in phase variance, confirming the method's effectiveness.
  • The method was validated on phantom, in vivo breast, and animal (rabbit) imaging datasets using various channel combinations.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed virtual reference coil method provides an optimal phase map by determining a phase distribution for each coil.
  • This technique offers a robust solution for accurate absolute magnetization phase estimation in multi-coil MRI.
  • The method enhances the quantitative accuracy and image quality of MRI reconstructions.