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A hiatal hernia is the abnormal protrusion of the stomach or other abdominal organs through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity.Normally, the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) lies below the diaphragm and is supported by the phrenoesophageal membrane, the diaphragmatic crura, and connective tissues. Weakening of these structures—due to aging, congenital defects like a short esophagus, or increased intra-abdominal pressure from coughing, obesity, pregnancy, or heavy...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) Exam: Image Acquisition

Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) Exam: Image Acquisition

Published on: September 22, 2023

Atypical hernias: suprapubic, subxiphoid, and flank.

William W Hope¹, W Borden Hooks

¹Department of Surgery, New Hanover Regional Medical Center, South East Area Health Education Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, 2131 South 17th Street, PO Box 9025, Wilmington, NC 28401, USA.

The Surgical Clinics of North America

|September 17, 2013

Summary

Successful hernia repair hinges on anatomical knowledge, planning, and repair principles. Open and laparoscopic methods with wide mesh overlap offer acceptable outcomes, with future research focusing on patient factors and cost-effectiveness.

Keywords:

Flank Hernia Incisional Laparoscopy Subxiphoid Suprapubic Ventral

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Published on: November 22, 2019

Area of Science:

Surgical Science
Abdominal Wall Reconstruction

Background:

Hernia repair requires deep anatomical understanding and strategic planning for optimal patient outcomes.
Diverse surgical techniques and mesh materials are available for hernia repair, necessitating careful consideration by the surgeon.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the principles and current options for successful hernia repair.
To evaluate the outcomes of open and laparoscopic hernia repair techniques.

Main Methods:

Review of established principles in hernia repair.
Analysis of open and laparoscopic surgical approaches.
Evaluation of mesh selection and fixation strategies.

Main Results:

Adequate outcomes and recurrence rates are achievable with open and laparoscopic repairs utilizing wide mesh overlap and secure fixation.
Long-term outcome data for specific repairs like suprapubic, subxiphoid, and lateral are currently limited.

Conclusions:

Hernia repair success is predicated on anatomical knowledge, preoperative planning, and adherence to fundamental repair principles.
Surgeons must be proficient in both open and laparoscopic techniques to tailor treatment to individual patient presentations.
Future research should prioritize comparative studies examining patient factors, techniques, mesh types, and cost-effectiveness in hernia repair.