Fibroblast-matrix interactions and their role in the pathogenesis of fibrosis

The extracellular matrix has a complex structure which provides the scaffold of the connective tissue and influences many cellular functions. Fibroblast attachment, chemotaxis, and proliferation depend on the interaction of the cells with different components of the extracellular matrix. In addition, biosynthetic activities including protein and collagen synthesis are regulated by a two- or three-dimensional contact of fibroblasts with the surrounding matrix. Since scleroderma is characterized by an excessive deposition of collagen in the involved organs, many attempts have been made to define the altered cellular metabolism on a molecular level. This review summarized the role of fibroblast matrix interaction for the control of fibroblast functions during physiological processes and their activation in fibrosis.