Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Radical Autoxidation01:20

Radical Autoxidation

The oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of air or oxygen is called autoxidation. For example, cumene reacts with oxygen to form hydroperoxide. Autoxidation involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Many organic compounds are susceptible to autoxidation—especially ethers in the presence of oxygen, which form hydroperoxides. Even though this reaction is slow, old ether bottles contain small amounts of peroxide, which leads to laboratory explosions during ether...
Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Synthesis01:29

Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Synthesis

Drugs affecting neurotransmitter synthesis can impact the adrenergic neuron and the synthesis of neurotransmitters. For example, α-methyltyrosine and carbidopa target specific enzymes involved in catecholamine synthesis. α-methyltyrosine inhibits the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, which converts tyrosine into dopamine. By blocking this enzyme, α-methyltyrosine reduces dopamine production and other catecholamines. Carbidopa, on the other hand, inhibits the enzyme dopa decarboxylase, which converts...
Autoxidation of Ethers to Peroxides and Hydroperoxides02:23

Autoxidation of Ethers to Peroxides and Hydroperoxides

Ethers represent a class of chemical compounds that become more dangerous with prolonged storage because they tend to form explosive peroxides when standing in the air. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly oxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides.
Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...
Pyruvate Oxidation01:15

Pyruvate Oxidation

After glycolysis, the charged pyruvate molecules enter the mitochondria via active transport and undergo three enzymatic reactions. These reactions ensure that pyruvate can enter the next metabolic pathway so that energy stored in the pyruvate molecules can be harnessed by the cells.
First, the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase removes the carboxyl group from pyruvate and releases it as carbon dioxide. The stripped molecule is then oxidized and releases electrons, which are then picked up by NAD+...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Coordination-dynamic urushiol-metal topographies enable on-demand switching between parahydrophobic and superhydrophobic states for multifunctional interfaces.

Journal of colloid and interface science·2026
Same author

Peripheral blood inflammatory ratios predict efficacy and toxicity of CAR-T cell immunotherapy in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same author

Construction and validation of a nutritional status (CONUT)-based nomogram for predicting prolonged hematological toxicity in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma after CAR-T cell therapy.

Frontiers in nutrition·2026
Same author

Monomer Concentration Regulation Enables Highly Cross-Linked Polyamide Membranes for Robust High-Temperature Separation.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

Two-Dimensional Photothermal Nanosheets as Confined Gelation Platforms for Large-Scale, Ultrathin, and Uniform Lamellar Hydrogel Membranes.

ACS nano·2026
Same author

Evaporation-driven generic, high-throughput and roll-to-roll printing of nanomaterials.

Nature communications·2025
Same journal

An intrinsically stretchable nanowire-based sensing patch for wearable analysis of sweat chloride ion composition.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same journal

A sterically rigid-flexible balanced NHC-Pd precatalyst for room-temperature solvent-free C-N coupling of benzocyclic amines.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same journal

Portable fluorescent conjugated microporous polymer sensor coupled with a smartphone for on-site Fe<sup>3+</sup> detection in water.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same journal

Accelerated discovery of NO<sub>3</sub>RR single-atom catalysts <i>via</i> high-throughput DFT and machine learning.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same journal

Wafer-scale robust graphene electronics under industrial processing conditions.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same journal

Subnanoscale IrW oxide anodes: breaking immiscibility for high activity and durability in water electrolysis.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Detection of Microregional Hypoxia in Mouse Cerebral Cortex by Two-photon Imaging of Endogenous NADH Fluorescence
12:03

Detection of Microregional Hypoxia in Mouse Cerebral Cortex by Two-photon Imaging of Endogenous NADH Fluorescence

Published on: February 21, 2012

Polydopamine gradients by oxygen diffusion controlled autoxidation.

Hao-Cheng Yang1, Qing-Yun Wu, Ling-Shu Wan

  • 1MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China. xuzk@zju.edu.cn.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|October 4, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a straightforward method to create mussel-inspired polydopamine (PDA) gradients on surfaces. This technique utilizes oxygen diffusion for controlled dopamine autoxidation, resulting in tunable surface properties.

More Related Videos

Simultaneous Measurement of Superoxide/Hydrogen Peroxide and NADH Production by Flavin-containing Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases
08:57

Simultaneous Measurement of Superoxide/Hydrogen Peroxide and NADH Production by Flavin-containing Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases

Published on: February 24, 2018

Imaging Approaches to Assessments of Toxicological Oxidative Stress Using Genetically-encoded Fluorogenic Sensors
09:33

Imaging Approaches to Assessments of Toxicological Oxidative Stress Using Genetically-encoded Fluorogenic Sensors

Published on: February 7, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Detection of Microregional Hypoxia in Mouse Cerebral Cortex by Two-photon Imaging of Endogenous NADH Fluorescence
12:03

Detection of Microregional Hypoxia in Mouse Cerebral Cortex by Two-photon Imaging of Endogenous NADH Fluorescence

Published on: February 21, 2012

Simultaneous Measurement of Superoxide/Hydrogen Peroxide and NADH Production by Flavin-containing Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases
08:57

Simultaneous Measurement of Superoxide/Hydrogen Peroxide and NADH Production by Flavin-containing Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases

Published on: February 24, 2018

Imaging Approaches to Assessments of Toxicological Oxidative Stress Using Genetically-encoded Fluorogenic Sensors
09:33

Imaging Approaches to Assessments of Toxicological Oxidative Stress Using Genetically-encoded Fluorogenic Sensors

Published on: February 7, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Chemistry
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Polydopamine (PDA) coatings are inspired by mussel adhesive proteins.
  • Creating controlled gradients of PDA on surfaces is challenging.
  • PDA's unique properties offer potential in various applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simple and facile protocol for fabricating polydopamine (PDA) gradients.
  • To investigate the formation of PDA thickness gradients using an oxygen diffusion phenomenon.
  • To characterize the resulting PDA gradients and their properties.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing dopamine autoxidation driven by oxygen diffusion.
  • Applying the protocol to various substrates to create PDA thickness gradients.
  • Characterizing gradient properties including thickness, roughness, wettability, and light transmittance.

Main Results:

  • Successful fabrication of mussel-inspired polydopamine (PDA) gradients on diverse surfaces.
  • Demonstration of gradual changes in PDA thickness controlled by oxygen diffusion.
  • Characterization revealed tunable surface properties like roughness and wettability.

Conclusions:

  • The reported protocol offers a simple and effective method for creating PDA gradients.
  • Oxygen diffusion is a viable mechanism for controlling PDA thickness and surface properties.
  • These PDA gradients have potential for applications requiring tailored surface characteristics.