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Related Concept Videos

The Retinoblastoma Gene01:20

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Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
The first-ever tumor suppressor gene called Rb was identified in retinoblastoma - a rare eye tumor in children. In inherited forms of the disease, a child inherits one defective copy of the Rb gene, which predisposes them to retinoblastoma. However,...
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DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
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Reconstruct Human Retinoblastoma In Vitro
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Retinoblastoma.

Victor M Villegas1, Ditte J Hess, Andrea Wildner

  • 1aMurray Ocular Oncology and Retina bDepartment of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.

Current Opinion in Ophthalmology
|October 9, 2013
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review updates the understanding of retinoblastoma, the most common childhood eye cancer. Advances in diagnosis and globe-sparing treatments are improving outcomes, but global access to care remains a challenge.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Retinoblastoma is the most frequent intraocular malignancy in children.
  • Understanding of retinoblastoma is rapidly evolving.
  • This review provides an update on current knowledge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an update on the current understanding of retinoblastoma.
  • To review recent advances in diagnosis and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advancements in retinoblastoma research.
  • Analysis of new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities.

Main Results:

  • Mouse models have significantly expanded knowledge of retinoblastoma tumorigenesis and genomic expression.
  • Tumor hypoxia is identified as a key factor in progression and a therapeutic target.
  • Emerging globe-sparing therapies include periocular carboplatin, selective ophthalmic artery chemoreduction, intravitreal melphalan, and focal consolidation.
  • Diagnostic advancements include wide-field photography, autofluorescence, and high-resolution optical coherence tomography.

Conclusions:

  • Advances in understanding retinoblastoma pathogenesis drive treatment strategies.
  • Improved diagnosis and management are reducing morbidity and mortality in developed nations.
  • Equitable access to prompt retinoblastoma care in underdeveloped regions is crucial.