Endovascular methods for the treatment of vascular anomalies

Vascular malformations are congenital lesions secondary to errors in the development of arteries, capillaries, veins, or lymphatics. Most of these lesions are sporadic; however, a certain percentage present with syndromes. This article discusses the clinical features, natural history, and epidemiology of these lesions, and the diagnostic imaging features of vascular anomalies of the head and neck are presented. The percutaneous/endovascular treatment of each of the vascular anomalies is described, and surgical and additional treatment options are discussed briefly. The clinical outcomes of the main forms of treatment and level of evidence are presented.