Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 6, 2026
Preoxygenation Techniques for Tracheal Intubation in Critically Ill Adults Utilizing Oxygen Mask and Noninvasive Ventilation
Published on: December 5, 2025
The administration of 100% oxygen and respiratory drive in very preterm infants at birth
Jeroen J van Vonderen1, Nadia E Narayen, Frans J Walther
1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Aim:
To retrospectively investigate the changes of SpO2 and respiratory drive in preterm infants at birth after administration of 100% oxygen.
Methods:
Respiratory parameters, FiO2 and oximetry of infants <32 weeks gestation before and after receiving FiO2 1.0 were reviewed during continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or positive pressure ventilation (PPV).
Results:
Results are given as median (IQR) or percentages where appropriate. Suitable recordings were made in 50 infants (GA 27 (26-29) weeks), 17 received CPAP and 33 PPV. SpO2 increased rapidly in the first minute after FiO2 1.0 and remained stable. The duration of FiO2 1.0 tended to be shorter in the CPAP group than in the PPV group (CPAP vs. PPV: 65 (33-105) vs. 100 (40-280) s; p = 0.05), SpO2 >95% occurred more often in PPV group (53% vs. 69%) and lasted longer (70(40-95) vs. 120(50-202) s). In CPAP group, minute volume increased from 134 (76-265) mL/kg/min 1 minute before to 240 (157-370) mL/kg/min (p<0.01) 1 minute after start FiO2 1.0 and remained stable at 2 minutes (252 (135-376) mL/kg/min; ns). The rate of rise to maximum tidal volume increased (from 13.8 (8.0-22.4) mL/kg/s to 18.2 (11.0-27.5) mL/kg/s; p<0.0001) to 18.8 (11.8-27.8) mL/kg/s; ns). In the PPV group respiratory rate increased from 0(0-4) to 9(0-20) at 1 minute (p<0.001) to 23 (0-34) breaths per minute at 2 minutes (p<0.01).
Conclusion:
In preterm infants at birth, a rapid increase in oxygenation, resulting from a transient increase to 100% oxygen might improve respiratory drive, but increases the risk for hyperoxia.
Related Concept Videos
01:23Physiological Control of Respiration
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
The body maintains ventilation by monitoring levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the arterial blood. Among these factors, the level of CO2 plays a crucial...
01:30Administering Oxygen by Mask
Administering oxygen by mask is a common nursing intervention that provides supplemental oxygen to patients with respiratory distress or chronic lung conditions. This procedure involves delivering oxygen at a specified rate through a face mask connected to an oxygen source.
Equipment
The equipment necessary for this procedure includes:
01:19Respiratory Assessment: Purpose and Indications
Objectives and Importance:
The primary goal of respiratory assessment is to evaluate patients at early risk of clinical deterioration. Since respiratory distress often precedes other signs of declining health, breathing patterns and sounds become a...
01:29Acute Respiratory Failure-V
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...
01:16Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen
Venturi Mask
The Venturi mask, named after the Venturi effect, is designed to deliver precise oxygen concentrations. It consists of a large tube with an oxygen inlet that narrows down, causing a pressure drop that pulls air in through adjustable side ports. The mask is a lightweight,...
01:29Administering Oxygen by Nasal Cannula
Nasal Cannulas
A nasal cannula is a lightweight tube split into two prongs placed in the nostrils,...