Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

In vitro Cell Culture Model for Toxic Inhaled Chemical Testing
05:44

In vitro Cell Culture Model for Toxic Inhaled Chemical Testing

Published on: May 8, 2014

10.3K

Pediatric toxicology: specialized approach to the poisoned child

Diane P Calello1, Fred M Henretig

  • 1New Jersey Poison Information and Education System, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Morristown Medical Center, 100 Madison Avenue, Morristown, NJ 07960, USA; Emergency Medical Associates Research Foundation, Parsippany, NJ, USA.

Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America
|November 27, 2013
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric poisoning requires special emergency care due to unique vulnerabilities. This review covers exposure, diagnosis, and treatment, including supportive care and antidotes for poisoned children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Emergency Medicine
  • Toxicology
  • Child Health

Background:

  • Poisoned children present unique challenges in emergency settings.
  • Infants and children have specific pathophysiologic vulnerabilities to toxic substances.
  • Child abuse by poisoning increases morbidity and mortality risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight unique considerations in pediatric poisoning cases.
  • To discuss diagnostic approaches and therapeutic interventions for poisoned children.
  • To review emerging poison hazards and their management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pediatric poisoning cases and management strategies.
  • Discussion of pathophysiologic vulnerabilities in infants and children.
  • Analysis of treatment modalities including supportive care, antidotes, and extracorporeal methods.

Main Results:

  • Emergency providers need awareness of pediatric-specific toxic substances and vulnerabilities.
  • Supportive care is crucial, with special attention to pediatric implications for antidotal therapy.
  • Extracorporeal removal methods like hemodialysis are viable in pediatric poisoning.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of pediatric poisoning demands specialized knowledge of unique risks and treatments.
  • Awareness of emerging poison hazards is vital for preventing severe outcomes.
  • Comprehensive care, including advanced interventions, is essential for poisoned children.

Keywords:
Detergent podsECGHemodialysisPediatricPoisoningSalicylateSupportive care

More Related Videos

Use of a Piglet Model for the Study of Anesthetic-induced Developmental Neurotoxicity AIDN: A Translational Neuroscience Approach06:38

Use of a Piglet Model for the Study of Anesthetic-induced Developmental Neurotoxicity AIDN: A Translational Neuroscience Approach

Published on: June 11, 2017

11.8K
Assessment of Chemical Toxicity in Adult Drosophila Melanogaster07:02

Assessment of Chemical Toxicity in Adult Drosophila Melanogaster

Published on: March 24, 2023

4.9K

Related Concept Videos

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Treatment Strategies01:26

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Treatment Strategies

Treatment strategies for poisoning are a critical aspect of emergency medicine, focusing on preventing the absorption of toxins and enhancing their elimination. When a poisoning incident occurs, the first response is to halt exposure and decontaminate the patient, particularly through gastrointestinal (GI) methods if the poison was ingested.Gastrointestinal Decontamination Techniques:Activated charcoal is the cornerstone of GI decontamination. It works through adsorption, binding the toxin to...
285
Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios01:26

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios

Pharmaceutical poisoning can occur through various channels, impacting an estimated 2 million hospitalized patients in the U.S. annually with serious adverse drug responses. These scenarios encompass both therapeutic uses, such as drug toxicity, where even standard dosages can lead to severe central nervous system depression, and non-therapeutic exposures, including accidental ingestion by children, and environmental and occupational exposures.Unintentional poisonings often involve exploratory...
118
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
413
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
414
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
975
Toxicokinetics: Overview01:21

Toxicokinetics: Overview

Studies that assess how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME) at toxic doses are termed toxicokinetics. Understanding toxicokinetics helps predict adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and manage toxicity in humans.Toxicokinetics differs from pharmacokinetics mainly in the dose levels studied, with toxicokinetics focusing on higher toxic doses. The kinetics at these levels can be non-linear due to altered physiological processes. Toxicodynamics examines the relationship...
330