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Related Concept Videos

Trachea01:22

Trachea

6.2K
The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a vital part of the human respiratory system. It serves as a passageway for air to travel between the larynx and the bronchi, allowing oxygen to reach the lungs. Let's explore its anatomical features, dimensions, layers of the tracheal wall, associated muscles, and the functions of its parts.
Anatomical Features:
Location: About half of the trachea is situated in the neck, anterior to the esophagus, and extends from the larynx (at the level of...
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Anatomy of Respiratory System II: Lower Respiratory Tract01:31

Anatomy of Respiratory System II: Lower Respiratory Tract

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The lower respiratory tract is anatomically composed of several vital structures, including the larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, alveoli, lungs, and pleurae. Each component has a specific function, and all are intricately connected to ensure efficient respiration.
The Larynx
It is located between the pharynx and the trachea, acts as a passageway for air, and hosts several critical structures, such as the epiglottis, vocal cords, and glottis. The epiglottis acts as a gateway, guiding food to the...
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The Bronchial Tree01:23

The Bronchial Tree

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The human bronchi and bronchial tree play a crucial role in the respiratory system, facilitating the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Let's delve into the intricate structure and functions of these respiratory components.
The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a tube that connects the larynx (voice box) to the bronchi. At a point called the carina, it bifurcates into two primary bronchi. The right primary bronchus is wider, shorter, and more vertical than the left primary...
8.4K
Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract01:29

Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract

7.0K
The upper respiratory tract plays a vital role in the respiratory system, comprising several structures that facilitate air intake and prepare air for the lungs. It also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and particles. This tract includes the nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the pharynx, each with specific functions and features.
Nose and nasal cavity
The nose and nasal cavity represent the main external openings of the respiratory tract....
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Gross Anatomy of the Lungs01:17

Gross Anatomy of the Lungs

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The lungs are a pair of vital organs connected to the trachea via the left and right bronchi. The base of these organs meets the dome-shaped muscle known as the diaphragm. Encased by the pleurae, the lungs contact the mediastinum. The right lung is shorter yet wider, and has a larger volume than the left lung. The left lung has an indentation known as the cardiac notch. The superior region of the lungs is referred to as the apex, whereas the base is the lower region near the diaphragm. The...
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Tracheostomy: Procedure and Tubes01:28

Tracheostomy: Procedure and Tubes

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A tracheostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an artificial opening into the trachea, typically at the second or third cartilaginous ring level. This opening allows the insertion of a tracheostomy tube, which can replace an endotracheal tube, provide mechanical ventilation, bypass an upper airway obstruction, or remove accumulated tracheobronchial secretions.
Tracheostomy tubes can be made of semiflexible plastic (polyurethane or silicone), rigid plastic, or metal, and they come in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Heterotopic and Orthotopic Tracheal Transplantation in Mice used as Models to Study the Development of Obliterative Airway Disease
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Heterotopic and Orthotopic Tracheal Transplantation in Mice used as Models to Study the Development of Obliterative Airway Disease

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Trachea: anatomy and physiology.

Beate E M Brand-Saberi1, Thorsten Schäfer2

  • 1Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, Bochum 44801, Germany.

Thoracic Surgery Clinics
|December 4, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The trachea, or windpipe, facilitates airflow and lung defense through mucociliary clearance. Recent research identifies novel cholinergic chemosensory cells within the adult trachea.

Keywords:
FunctionMacroscopic and microscopic anatomyMorphogenesisPhysiologyTracheal stem cells

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Heterotopic and Orthotopic Tracheal Transplantation in Mice used as Models to Study the Development of Obliterative Airway Disease
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Area of Science:

  • Respiratory system anatomy and physiology
  • Cell biology and tissue regeneration

Background:

  • The trachea (windpipe) is a vital airway connecting the larynx to the lungs.
  • Its primary functions include airflow, mucociliary clearance, and air conditioning.
  • Mucociliary clearance relies on kinocilia, goblet cells, and tracheal glands.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the anatomical and functional characteristics of the trachea.
  • To highlight the cellular components involved in tracheal function, including stem cells.
  • To report the recent discovery of cholinergic chemosensory cells in the trachea.

Main Methods:

  • Anatomical description of the trachea.
  • Histological examination of tracheal tissues.
  • Cellular and molecular characterization of tracheal epithelium and glands.

Main Results:

  • The trachea is a 12 cm tube essential for respiration.
  • Adult tracheal mucosal epithelium and glandular ducts harbor diverse stem cell populations.
  • Cholinergic chemosensory cells have been identified in the tracheal lining.

Conclusions:

  • The trachea possesses complex cellular mechanisms for maintaining airway health.
  • Stem cells in the trachea contribute to its adult homeostasis and repair.
  • The presence of cholinergic chemosensory cells suggests novel sensory roles for the trachea.