Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 4, 2026

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
Published on: September 27, 2020
Neuropsychopathological comorbidities in learning disorders.
Lucia Margari1, Maura Buttiglione, Francesco Craig
1Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs of the "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 1, Bari, Italy. lucia.margari@uniba.it.
Over 60% of children with learning disorders (LD) exhibit comorbidities. Specific Learning Disorders (SLD) showed higher rates of ADHD and mood disorders, while Learning Disorders Not Otherwise Specified (LD NOS) had more language and coordination issues.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Developmental Psychology
- Child Psychiatry
Background:
- Learning Disorders (LD) affect 2-10% of school-aged children.
- LD are complex conditions requiring comprehensive evaluation.
- Comorbidity assessment is crucial for understanding LD.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the comorbidity patterns in children diagnosed with Learning Disorders (LD).
- To differentiate comorbidity profiles between Specific Learning Disorders (SLD) and Learning Disorders Not Otherwise Specified (LD NOS).
Main Methods:
- Neuropsychological and psychopathological evaluations were conducted.
- A sample of 448 children aged 7-16 with LD was analyzed.
- Patients were divided into SLD and LD NOS subgroups.
Main Results:
- A high comorbidity rate of 62.2% was observed in the total sample.
- SLD subgroup: ADHD (33%), Anxiety Disorder (28.8%), Developmental Coordination Disorder (17.8%).
- LD NOS subgroup: Language Disorder (28.6%), Developmental Coordination Disorder (27.5%), ADHD (25.4%).
Conclusions:
- Distinct comorbidity profiles exist between SLD and LD NOS.
- Further research is needed to refine diagnostic criteria and interventions.
- Addressing comorbidities can mitigate long-term consequences of LD.
More Related Videos
07:43Immunohistochemical Visualization of Hippocampal Neuron Activity After Spatial Learning in a Mouse Model of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Published on: May 12, 2015
05:32Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos
Published on: December 7, 2018
Related Concept Videos
Learning Disabilities
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Language and Cognition
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
Long-term Depression
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over...
Long-term Depression
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory