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Decellularized tissue and cell-derived extracellular matrices as scaffolds for orthopaedic tissue engineering
Christina W Cheng1, Loran D Solorio2, Eben Alsberg3
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Wickenden Building, Rm 218, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Biotechnology Advances
|January 15, 2014
Summary
Tissue engineering offers promising solutions for musculoskeletal defects by using decellularized tissue scaffolds. These extracellular matrices support cell growth, providing alternatives to limited autografts for orthopaedic reconstruction.
Area of Science:
- Orthopaedic Surgery
- Biomaterials Science
- Regenerative Medicine
Background:
- Musculoskeletal defects pose significant challenges in orthopaedic surgery, often requiring tissue grafts for reconstruction.
- Autografts are the current standard but are limited by donor site morbidity.
- Tissue engineering presents an alternative using decellularized tissues to address large tissue voids.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the potential of tissue engineering strategies for reconstructing musculoskeletal defects.
- To highlight the use of decellularized extracellular matrices as scaffolds for cell growth.
- To discuss the translation of novel tissue-derived matrices to clinical orthopaedic applications.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing decellularized bone, cartilage, skeletal muscle, tendon, and ligament as natural scaffolds.
- Employing in vitro cell-derived matrices for generating autologous constructs.
- Investigating cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation on these scaffolds.
Main Results:
- Decellularized extracellular matrices provide a suitable environment for cell growth and tissue regeneration.
- Autologous constructs can be generated from tissue-specific cells or progenitor cells.
- Decellularized bone is clinically established, while other tissues show emerging potential.
Conclusions:
- Tissue engineering with decellularized matrices offers a viable alternative to autografts for orthopaedic reconstruction.
- Further exploration of decellularized cartilage, muscle, tendon, and ligament matrices is crucial for clinical translation.
- These advanced biomaterials hold significant promise for addressing complex musculoskeletal injuries.
