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Related Concept Videos

Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

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Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
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Seizures ll: Types01:19

Seizures ll: Types

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Seizures are sudden bursts of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that interfere with normal function. They are commonly divided into three groups: focal seizures, generalized seizures, and other types that do not fit neatly into either category.Focal SeizuresFocal seizures begin in a single brain region. When awareness is preserved, they are called focal aware seizures and may cause sensations such as tingling, unusual smells, or flashing lights. When awareness is impaired, they are...
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Increased Body Temperature01:25

Increased Body Temperature

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A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in...
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Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
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Types of Fever01:25

Types of Fever

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Fever can be triggered by several factors, including infections, nervous system disorders, certain cancers, blood diseases like leukemia, embolism, thrombosis, heatstroke, dehydration, surgical trauma, crushing injuries, and allergic reactions.
Here are the different types of fever:
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Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
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Related Experiment Video

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A Behavioral Screen for Heat-Induced Seizures in Mouse Models of Epilepsy
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Febrile seizures.

Leena D Mewasingh1

  • 1Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.

BMJ Clinical Evidence
|February 4, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review examines treatments for simple febrile seizures in children. Intermittent anticonvulsants, antipyretics, and conservative measures were evaluated for effectiveness and safety.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Neurology
  • Clinical Pharmacology

Background:

  • Simple febrile seizures are common, generalized seizures lasting under 10-15 minutes, occurring once every 24 hours.
  • They affect 2-9% of children globally by age 5 and do not cause permanent neurological deficits.
  • Complex febrile seizures differ in duration, symptoms, and recurrence patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the effects of treatments administered during fever episodes in children aged 6 months to 5 years with a history of simple febrile seizures.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of various interventions.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews of RCTs was conducted.
  • Searches included major databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library) up to July 2013.
  • Harms alerts from regulatory agencies (FDA, MHRA) were also incorporated.

Main Results:

  • Four RCTs or systematic reviews of RCTs met the inclusion criteria.
  • A GRADE evaluation was performed to assess the quality of evidence for interventions.
  • The review identified studies on intermittent anticonvulsants, antipyretics, and conservative measures.

Conclusions:

  • The review presents findings on the effectiveness and safety of intermittent anticonvulsants (clobazam, diazepam, lorazepam).
  • Antipyretic drug treatments (paracetamol, ibuprofen) were also evaluated.
  • Conservative measures, including watchful waiting and physical cooling techniques, were assessed.