Drug-induced lupus: Including anti-tumour necrosis factor and interferon induced.

Area of Science:

• Rheumatology
• Clinical Pharmacology

Background:

• Drug-induced lupus erythematosus (DIL E) presents with symptoms and serological findings resembling systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
• DIL E is triggered by continuous exposure to over 90 identified drugs, including biologics like tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors and interferons.
• While no definitive diagnostic criteria exist, proposed guidelines aid in differentiating DIL E from SLE.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the distinctions between DIL E and SLE.
• To elucidate the mechanisms underlying DIL E.
• To identify common drug culprits, with a focus on biological treatments.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of drug-induced lupus erythematosus.
• Analysis of proposed diagnostic guidelines for DIL E.
• Examination of mechanisms of action for associated drugs.

Main Results:

• DIL E is characterized by clinical and serological similarities to SLE, resolving after drug cessation.
• Numerous drugs, notably biologics, are implicated in DIL E development.
• Emerging patterns and proposed guidelines help distinguish DIL E from SLE.

Conclusions:

• Distinguishing DIL E from SLE is crucial due to DIL E's generally favorable prognosis upon drug withdrawal.
• Understanding DIL E mechanisms and associated agents, especially biologics, is vital for clinical management.