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Related Concept Videos

Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

2.4K
Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
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Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges01:23

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

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A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
Consider a point charge moving with a constant velocity. Like the electric field, the magnetic field at any point is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source point and the field point. However, unlike the electric field, the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the plane containing the line...
11.3K
Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

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Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

1.1K
In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
1.1K
Magnetic Fields01:27

Magnetic Fields

6.0K
A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...
6.0K
Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

2.8K
Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....
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Paramagnetic squeezing of QCD matter.

G S Bali1, F Bruckmann2, G Endrődi2

  • 1Institute for Theoretical Physics, Universität Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany and Department of Theoretical Physics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India.

Physical Review Letters
|March 4, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Strongly interacting matter exhibits paramagnetism at high temperatures, influencing quark-gluon plasma behavior. This magnetic response affects particle flow in heavy ion collisions, impacting observed elliptic flow (v2).

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Physics
  • High-Energy Physics
  • Quantum Chromodynamics

Background:

  • The transition between hadronic and quark-gluon plasma phases is crucial for understanding strongly interacting matter.
  • The behavior of matter under extreme temperatures and magnetic fields is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the magnetization of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) at temperatures around and above the phase transition.
  • To investigate the influence of this magnetization on the properties of quark-gluon plasma in heavy ion collisions.

Main Methods:

  • Calculated QCD magnetization across various temperatures.
  • Theoretically analyzed the effect of paramagnetism on quark-gluon plasma geometry.
  • Estimated the contribution of paramagnetism to elliptic flow (v2).

Main Results:

  • A paramagnetic response was observed, strengthening with increasing temperature.
  • Paramagnetism is predicted to squeeze quark-gluon plasma perpendicular to magnetic fields.
  • This squeezing effect contributes to the observed elliptic flow (v2).

Conclusions:

  • The paramagnetic effect in QCD is significant and temperature-dependent.
  • This effect offers a new explanation for elliptic flow (v2) in noncentral heavy ion collisions.
  • Paramagnetism may play a crucial role in the dynamics of quark-gluon plasma.