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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...

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Transcriptomic changes in the frontal cortex associated with paternal age.

Rebecca G Smith, Cathy Fernandes, Rachel Kember

¹Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK. j.mill@exeter.ac.uk.

Molecular Autism

|March 25, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Advanced paternal age alters gene expression in offspring brains, potentially increasing autism risk. This study found widespread changes in the frontal cortex transcriptome, particularly involving inflammation-related genes.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Genetics
Developmental Biology

Background:

Advanced paternal age is linked to neuropsychiatric disorders, especially autism.
The exact mechanisms are unknown but may involve (epi)genomic alterations.
This study investigates the impact of paternal age on the brain's gene expression.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate differences in the frontal cortex transcriptome in offspring from advanced paternal age.
To identify specific genes and pathways affected by paternal aging.

Main Methods:

Transcriptomic profiling of medial prefrontal cortex tissue from male mice.
Comparison between offspring of young fathers (2 months) and old fathers (10 months).

Main Results:

Identified differentially expressed genes in offspring of older fathers, many linked to autism.
Pathway analysis revealed enrichment in inflammation and inflammatory disease networks.
These inflammatory pathways are also implicated in the etiology of autism.

Conclusions:

Advanced paternal age causes widespread transcriptome alterations in the offspring's frontal cortex.
Enrichment of inflammation-associated genes suggests a link between paternal age, immune function, and neuropsychiatric disorders like autism.