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Related Concept Videos

Spectrophotometry: Introduction01:16

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Spectrophotometry is the quantitative measurement of the absorption, reflection, diffraction, or transmission of electromagnetic radiation through a material as a function of the intensity and wavelength of the radiation. A spectrophotometer is a device used to measure the change in the radiation intensity caused by its interaction with the material.
The essential components of a spectrophotometer include a source of electromagnetic radiation, a slot for placing a material to be analyzed, and a...
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Photoluminescence offers a wide range of applications due to its inherent sensitivity and selectivity. This technique allows for both direct and indirect analyses of the analyte. Direct quantitative analysis is possible when the analyte exhibits a favorable quantum yield for fluorescence or phosphorescence. However, an indirect analysis may be feasible if the analyte is not fluorescent or phosphorescent, or if the quantum yield is unfavorable. Indirect methods include reacting the analyte with...
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Atomic spectroscopy is a vital tool in elemental analysis, both qualitatively and quantitatively. It can be broadly divided into optical spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy methods. The optical spectroscopic methods are atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS). The first step in all three methods is atomization, where the solid, liquid, or solution-phase samples are converted into gas-phase atoms and...
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Fluorometers and spectrofluorometers are two types of instruments used for measuring molecular fluorescence. These instruments differ in how they select excitation and emission wavelengths and the type of light sources they utilize. Fluorometers use absorption interference filters to choose excitation and emission wavelengths. The excitation source in a fluorometer is typically a low-pressure mercury vapor lamp that emits intense lines distributed throughout the ultraviolet and visible regions.
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Interaction of EM Radiation with Matter: Spectroscopy01:12

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Electromagnetic (EM) radiation can be considered an oscillating electric and magnetic field propagating through a medium that can interact with matter in its path. The electric field in the radiation can interact with electrical charges in the atoms or molecules in the matter. On the other hand, the magnetic field can interact with the magnetic field in the atomic nucleus. The study of the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter is termed spectroscopy. Spectroscopy is the study...
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Molecules possess discrete energy levels called quantum states. Unlike atoms, which have simpler energy levels, molecules possess additional rotational and vibrational energy levels. Each energy level is separated by an energy gap, with the gaps between adjacent electronic, vibrational, and rotational levels varying significantly. The three types of energy levels in a diatomic molecule are shown in Figure 1.
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High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy
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Photon-in/photon-out spectroscopic techniques for materials analysis: some recent developments.

Tsun-Kong Sham1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|May 28, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Advanced synchrotron X-ray techniques, including inverse partial fluorescence yield X-ray absorption near edge structure and 2D X-ray excited optical luminescence, offer new materials analysis capabilities. These methods are demonstrated for battery and water-splitting nanomaterials.

Keywords:
2DX-ray excited optical luminescencephoton-in photon-outsoft X-ray fluorescencesynchrotron

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Synchrotron Radiation Physics
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Third-generation synchrotron light sources enable advanced X-ray analysis.
  • Tunable X-rays offer enhanced materials characterization.
  • Photon-in photon-out techniques are crucial for understanding material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report on novel synchrotron-based techniques: inverse partial fluorescence yield X-ray absorption near edge structure (IPFY XANES) and 2D X-ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL).
  • To demonstrate the application of these techniques in both energy and time domains.
  • To showcase the utility of these methods for analyzing LiFePO4 battery materials and GaN-ZnO nanostructures for water splitting.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized advanced soft X-ray detectors, optical spectrometers with CCD detectors, and optical streak cameras.
  • Developed new data acquisition schemes for high-resolution measurements.
  • Applied IPFY XANES and 2D XANES-XEOL techniques to model material systems.

Main Results:

  • Successfully implemented and demonstrated IPFY XANES and 2D XANES-XEOL techniques.
  • Obtained detailed insights into the electronic and optical properties of LiFePO4 and GaN-ZnO nanostructures.
  • Showcased the capability to perform time-resolved and energy-resolved analyses.

Conclusions:

  • The developed synchrotron techniques significantly enhance materials analysis capabilities.
  • These methods provide valuable information for optimizing materials for energy storage and conversion applications.
  • Future prospects for synchrotron photon-in photon-out techniques are promising for advanced materials research.