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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Long noncoding RNAs in cell-fate programming and reprogramming.

Ryan A Flynn1, Howard Y Chang1

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.

Cell Stem Cell
|June 7, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key gene expression regulators with unique functions in stem cells and development. This review explores their roles in tissue stem cells and highlights new methods for studying lncRNA functions.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized as crucial regulators of gene expression.
  • They possess unique features like cell-specific expression and spatial information transduction.
  • lncRNAs play significant roles in various biological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the critical functions of lncRNAs in adult tissue stem cells.
  • To discuss the involvement of lncRNAs in developmental patterning and pluripotency.
  • To highlight novel approaches for determining lncRNA functions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on lncRNA functions.
  • Analysis of evidence for lncRNA roles in stem cell biology and development.
  • Discussion of new methodologies for functional ascription.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs are essential for the function of adult stem cells in tissues like skin, brain, and muscle.
  • lncRNAs are involved in developmental patterning and maintaining pluripotency.
  • Mammalian dosage compensation serves as a model for lncRNA networks in stem cell differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs are vital regulators in stem cell biology and developmental processes.
  • New methods are emerging to better understand lncRNA functions.
  • lncRNA networks are intricately linked with stem cell differentiation and broader biological regulation.