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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining of Four Endometrial Immune Cell Types in Recurrent Miscarriage
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Treatment modalities in recurrent miscarriages without diagnosis.

Kari A Whitley1, Serdar H Ural1

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Recurrent miscarriage, defined as three consecutive pregnancy losses, often lacks identifiable causes. Current treatments lack evidence, with supportive care at specialized clinics being the only supported intervention.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Obstetrics
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Recurrent miscarriage (RM) involves three or more pregnancy losses before 20 weeks.
  • Common causes like autoimmune, uterine, metabolic, hematologic, and chromosomal factors are investigated.
  • These known factors explain less than 50% of RM cases, leaving many patients without a diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnostic challenges and treatment efficacy for recurrent miscarriage.
  • To highlight the gap in understanding and managing unexplained recurrent miscarriage.
  • To evaluate the evidence for various treatment modalities in RM.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating causes and treatments for recurrent miscarriage.
  • Analysis of diagnostic workups for autoimmune, structural, metabolic, hematologic, and chromosomal abnormalities.
  • Evaluation of evidence for interventions including progesterone, hCG, aspirin, heparin, and immunomodulators.

Main Results:

  • Established causes account for less than half of recurrent miscarriage cases.
  • Numerous treatments (progesterone, hCG, aspirin, heparin, immune modulators) lack robust clinical trial evidence.
  • Supportive care in dedicated recurrent miscarriage clinics is the only intervention with documented success.

Conclusions:

  • A significant portion of recurrent miscarriage cases remain unexplained.
  • Current supplemental treatments for unexplained RM are not supported by strong scientific evidence.
  • Specialized care and supportive management are crucial for patients experiencing recurrent pregnancy loss.