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Factors associated with systemic hypertension in asthma
Susan Ferguson1, Mihai C Teodorescu, Ronald E Gangnon
1James B. Skatrud Pulmonary/Sleep Research Laboratory, Medical Service, William S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
Lung
|June 13, 2014
Summary
Asthma patients with reduced lung function and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have higher rates of hypertension (HTN). Low-dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) may protect against HTN in asthma.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonary Medicine
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Sleep Medicine
Background:
- Asthma patients exhibit unique physiological characteristics that can impact cardiovascular health.
- Systemic hypertension (HTN) is a significant comorbidity with potential links to asthma-related factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between lower airway caliber, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and other asthma-related factors with the prevalence of systemic hypertension (HTN).
Main Methods:
- 812 asthma patients completed the Sleep Apnea scale of the Sleep Disorders Questionnaire (SA-SDQ).
- Medical records were reviewed for diagnosed HTN, OSA, comorbidities, spirometry (FEV1% predicted), and medications.
- High OSA risk was defined by SA-SDQ scores (≥36 men, ≥32 women).
Main Results:
- Hypertension (HTN) was diagnosed in 24% of patients; OSA or high OSA risk in 29%.
- HTN prevalence increased with lower FEV1% categories and was significantly higher in patients with OSA (55% vs. 21%) and high OSA risk (46% vs. 14%).
- Lower FEV1% (60-69%) and OSA were independently associated with HTN; low-dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) showed a protective association.
Conclusions:
- Worse lower airway obstruction and OSA are associated with HTN in asthma patients.
- Low-dose ICS demonstrated a reduced likelihood of HTN, suggesting a protective effect.
- Controlling airway inflammation with ICS and screening for OSA may mitigate HTN burden in asthma.
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