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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Functional interactions among microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs.

Je-Hyun Yoon1, Kotb Abdelmohsen1, Myriam Gorospe1

  • 1Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
|June 27, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) interact in complex ways, influencing gene expression. This crosstalk is crucial for cellular processes and impacts mammalian health and disease.

Keywords:
Post-transcriptional gene regulationRNA-binding proteinRibonucleoprotein complexTranslationmRNA stability

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • Mammalian transcriptomes are dominated by noncoding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs).
  • While miRNA functions are well-studied, their interactions with lncRNAs are an emerging area of research.
  • Understanding these interactions is key to deciphering gene regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize the identified types of microRNA-lncRNA crosstalk.
  • To discuss the influence of these interactions on gene expression programs.
  • To highlight the role of miRNA-lncRNA crosstalk in mammalian physiology and pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on miRNA-lncRNA interactions.
  • Categorization of identified regulatory mechanisms.
  • Analysis of the impact on gene expression and cellular processes.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs can decrease miRNA stability or act as miRNA decoys, sequestering miRNAs.
  • lncRNAs can compete with miRNAs for target mRNAs, leading to derepression.
  • Some lncRNAs can generate miRNAs, repressing target mRNAs.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNA-lncRNA crosstalk represents a significant layer of gene regulation in mammals.
  • These interactions modulate critical cellular processes like differentiation, proliferation, and cell death.
  • Further research into these regulatory paradigms is essential for understanding health and disease.