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Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
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Using a general problem-solving strategy to promote transfer.

Amina Youssef-Shalala1, Paul Ayres2, Carina Schubert3

  • 1Australian Catholic University.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied
|July 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A general problem-solving strategy, based on a make-as-many-moves-as-possible heuristic, improved transfer problem-solving for novices. This approach was more effective than conventional methods for students with low domain-specific knowledge.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Educational Psychology

Background:

  • Cognitive Load Theory suggests instructional strategies can impact learning efficiency.
  • Problem-solving strategies influence the ability to transfer knowledge to new contexts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if a general problem-solving strategy enhances transfer problem solutions.
  • To compare a make-as-many-moves-as-possible heuristic against conventional strategies and worked examples.

Main Methods:

  • Four experiments were conducted with junior and senior high school students.
  • Participants learned through a general problem-solving strategy, conventional strategy, or worked examples.
  • Performance was assessed on similar and transfer tests in geometry and economics.

Main Results:

  • Novice students using the general strategy significantly outperformed those using conventional methods on transfer tests.
  • The general strategy showed an advantage over worked examples for far transfer in one experiment.
  • No significant differences were found for problems similar to acquisition tasks across initial experiments.

Conclusions:

  • A general problem-solving strategy benefits novice learners by improving transfer of knowledge.
  • This heuristic approach is less effective for students possessing domain-specific knowledge.
  • Instructional design should consider learner expertise when implementing problem-solving strategies.