A piezoelectric-based immunosensor for high density lipoprotein particle measurement

Area of Science:

• Biosensors
• Nanotechnology
• Analytical Chemistry

Background:

• High-density lipoprotein particle (HDL-P) measurement is vital for cardiovascular risk assessment.
• Existing methods for HDL-P quantification can be complex and time-consuming.
• Development of rapid and accurate biosensors is needed for routine clinical diagnostics.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and validate a piezoelectric-based immunosensor for the quantitative measurement of HDL-P.
• To optimize antibody immobilization for enhanced sensor performance.
• To assess the sensor's accuracy, precision, and interference from other lipoproteins.

Main Methods:

• Fabrication of a piezoelectric quartz crystal biosensor by immobilizing anti-human apolipoprotein A1 antibody.
• Utilizing a 3-mercaptopropionic acid self-assembled monolayer for antibody attachment.
• Measuring HDL-P concentration via frequency shift due to antigen-antibody binding.

Main Results:

• Optimal antibody immobilization achieved with 0.1 mg/ml for 90 minutes, with binding completed in 60 minutes.
• Linear dose-response for HDL-P from 0.21 to 2.50 mg protein/ml (0.40–3.65 × 10^10 particles/µl).
• High analytical accuracy (96.29-96.31%), good precision (CV 7.8-18.5%), and minimal interference from other lipoproteins.

Conclusions:

• The developed piezoelectric immunosensor provides a sensitive and specific method for HDL-P quantification.
• The sensor demonstrates excellent correlation (R² = 0.902) with a standard enzymatic assay.
• This technology holds potential for improved clinical diagnostics of cardiovascular disease risk.