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Related Concept Videos

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

2.3K
Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
2.3K
Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.3K
Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
2.3K
Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

3.1K
Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
3.1K
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.1K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
2.1K
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

1.2K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.2K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.5K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.5K

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Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
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Controlling spin transition in one-dimensional coordination polymers through polymorphism.

Fernando Novio1, Javier Campo, Daniel Ruiz-Molina

  • 1Centro de Investigación en Nanociencia y Nanotecnologı́a (CIN2-CSIC) and ‡Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologı́a (ICN2), Campus UAB , 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.

Inorganic Chemistry
|August 8, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Controlling polymer synthesis creates two distinct crystalline phases, enabling tunable valence tautomerism (VT) for reproducible electronic devices. This breakthrough is independent of crystal size or shape.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Solid-State Physics

Background:

  • Valence tautomerism (VT) is a critical phenomenon in materials science, influencing electronic properties.
  • Controlling the crystalline phases of polymers is essential for predictable material behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically synthesize polymer 1 microcrystals with varying morphologies.
  • To investigate the influence of synthesis parameters on valence tautomerism (VT).
  • To correlate crystalline phases with VT behavior and critical temperatures.

Main Methods:

  • Controlled synthesis of polymer 1 microcrystals by adjusting concentration, temperature, solvent, and surfactants.
  • Characterization using electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.
  • Magnetic measurements to study valence tautomerism.

Main Results:

  • Polymer microcrystals exclusively formed two distinct crystalline phases or mixtures thereof.
  • Crystalline phase, not morphology or size, critically determined the VT process.
  • A >50 K difference in critical temperatures between phases allowed for VT regulation.

Conclusions:

  • The crystalline phase is the key factor governing valence tautomerism in these polymers.
  • Tunable VT through phase control opens possibilities for advanced electronic devices.
  • Reproducible switching behavior in devices requires precise control over crystalline phases.