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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

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Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

Many-body interactions with tunable-coupling transmon qubits.

A Mezzacapo¹, L Lamata¹, S Filipp²

¹Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain.

Physical Review Letters

|August 16, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

We present a method for fast multiqubit interactions in superconducting circuits using tunable transmon-resonator couplings. This enables efficient simulation of complex quantum systems and realization of topological codes.

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Area of Science:

Quantum computing
Superconducting circuits
Condensed matter physics

Background:

Superconducting circuits are crucial for quantum computation.
Implementing many-body interactions is key for advanced quantum applications.
Simulating fermionic systems and realizing topological codes are significant challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a method for engineering fast multiqubit interactions.
To enable efficient simulation of highly correlated fermionic systems.
To facilitate the realization of multipartite entanglement and topological codes.

Main Methods:

Utilizing tunable transmon-resonator couplings.
Modulating magnetic fluxes through superconducting quantum interference device loops.
Engineering fast dynamics in superconducting quantum devices.

Main Results:

Demonstrated a feasible method for fast multiqubit interactions.
Opened possibilities for efficient simulation of complex quantum systems.
Provided a pathway for realizing advanced quantum error correction codes.

Conclusions:

The proposed method is feasible in realistic scenarios.
This work advances the implementation of many-body interactions in superconducting circuits.
Potential applications include quantum simulation and fault-tolerant quantum computing.