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Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Automated Gait Analysis to Assess Functional Recovery in Rodents with Peripheral Nerve or Spinal Cord Contusion Injury
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Lower extremity nerve trauma.

Igor Immerman, Andrew E Price, Israel Alfonso

    Bulletin of the Hospital for Joint Disease (2013)
    |August 24, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Peripheral nerve injuries of the lower extremity (LE) require prompt diagnosis and treatment for optimal outcomes. This review outlines current knowledge on LE nerve injuries, proposing a management protocol.

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    Area of Science:

    • Orthopaedic Surgery
    • Neurology
    • Anatomy

    Background:

    • Peripheral nerve injuries of the lower extremity (LE) are common in orthopaedic practice.
    • These injuries can result from trauma or medical procedures (iatrogenic).
    • Effective management hinges on accurate and prompt diagnosis and treatment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review and discuss the anatomy, physiology, incidence, pathogenesis, diagnosis, management, and outcomes of sciatic, femoral, peroneal, and tibial nerve injuries.
    • To propose a standardized protocol for the evaluation and management of LE nerve injuries.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of current literature on lower extremity nerve injuries.
    • Discussion of basic nerve anatomy and physiology.
    • Synthesis of information to propose a clinical protocol.

    Main Results:

    • Comprehensive overview of sciatic, femoral, peroneal, and tibial nerve injuries.
    • Identification of key diagnostic and management strategies.
    • Development of a suggested protocol for LE nerve injury evaluation and treatment.

    Conclusions:

    • Timely and accurate diagnosis are crucial for managing LE nerve injuries.
    • A structured approach to evaluation and management can optimize patient outcomes.
    • This review provides a framework for clinicians managing these complex injuries.