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Related Concept Videos

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

868
Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
1.2K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.5K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor01:31

Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor

5.4K
The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...
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¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

2.4K
The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...
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Biasing of Metal-Semiconductor Junctions01:27

Biasing of Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

903
Biasing metal-semiconductor junctions involves applying a voltage across the junction. Specifically, the metal is connected to a voltage source, while the semiconductor is grounded. This technique is essential for controlling the direction and magnitude of current flow in electronic devices, including diodes, transistors, and photovoltaic cells.
In Schottky junctions, where the semiconductor is n-type, applying a positive voltage to the metal relative to the semiconductor reduces its Fermi...
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Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators
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Strong polarization mode coupling in microresonators.

Sven Ramelow, Alessandro Farsi, Stéphane Clemmen

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    |August 29, 2014
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Strong modal coupling in silicon nitride (Si3N4) ring resonators causes significant frequency shifts and anomalous dispersion. These effects can be harnessed for dispersion engineering in microresonators.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Materials Science
    • Optical Engineering

    Background:

    • Silicon nitride (Si3N4) ring resonators are key components in integrated photonics.
    • Understanding mode coupling is crucial for controlling light propagation and frequency generation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate modal coupling between TE00 and TM00 modes in Si3N4 ring resonators.
    • To analyze the impact of mode crossings on resonance frequencies and dispersion.
    • To explore the influence of mode crossings on frequency comb generation.

    Main Methods:

    • Observation of avoided crossings in Si3N4 ring resonators.
    • Analysis of resonance frequency shifts.
    • Characterization of frequency comb spectra.

    Main Results:

    • Strong modal coupling between TE00 and TM00 modes observed via avoided crossings.
    • Significant resonance frequency shifts leading to enhanced effective dispersion (one order of magnitude larger than intrinsic).
    • Broad windows of anomalous dispersion created.
    • Changes in frequency comb spectra due to polarization and higher-order mode crossings documented.

    Conclusions:

    • Modal coupling significantly impacts dispersion in Si3N4 microresonators.
    • Polarization mode crossings can be utilized for dispersion engineering.
    • Strategies to avoid unwanted mode crossing effects in frequency comb generation are suggested.