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Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task
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Stroop proactive control and task conflict are modulated by concurrent working memory load.

Eyal Kalanthroff1, Amir Avnit, Avishai Henik

  • 1Department of Psychology and Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel, eyalkant@gmail.com.

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dual mechanisms of control theory explains Stroop task performance. Adding a working memory task demonstrated that proactive control is modulated by concurrent load, impacting both informational and task conflicts.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Stroop task performance involves informational and task conflict.
  • Dual mechanisms of control (DMC) theory posits proactive control (PC) variability influences performance.
  • Diminished PC is linked to increased Stroop interference and reversed facilitation (RF), but RF is not predicted by the current DMC model.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Expand the DMC model to account for Stroop RF.
  • Investigate if a concurrent working memory (WM) task reduces PC and influences Stroop performance.
  • Examine PC as a common control mechanism for informational and task Stroop conflicts.

Main Methods:

  • Nineteen participants completed a standard Stroop task concurrently with an n-back task (zero-back and two-back).
  • The n-back task aimed to reduce WM resources and overload PC.
  • Performance metrics included Stroop interference and facilitation.

Main Results:

  • In the low-load (zero-back) condition, standard Stroop interference and facilitation were observed.
  • In the high-load (two-back) condition, increased Stroop interference and RF were observed.
  • Results align with the expanded DMC model's predictions.

Conclusions:

  • Proactive control (PC) is modulated by concurrent working memory (WM) load.
  • PC acts as a unified control mechanism for both informational and task conflicts in the Stroop task.
  • The expanded DMC model successfully accounts for Stroop RF, integrating it with interference effects.