Endoscopic skull base training using 3D printed models with pre-existing pathology

Area of Science:

• Neurosurgery
• Surgical Simulation
• Medical Education

Background:

• Endoscopic skull base surgery is increasingly adopted due to technological advancements.
• These complex procedures present a significant learning curve for surgeons.
• Effective training tools are crucial for mastering endoscopic skull base techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the learning curve of endoscopic skull base exposure and drilling using patient-specific physical models.
• To assess the anatomical accuracy and utility of these models in surgical training.
• To determine the suitability of simulation for practicing complex anterior skull base pathologies.

Main Methods:

• Five patient-specific physical models of the anterior skull base with basilar invagination were created from MRI/CT data.
• ENT surgeons with varied experience participated in a training workshop using these models.
• Participants practiced key steps of endoscopic skull base exposure and drilling and reported perceived difficulty levels.

Main Results:

• The physical models were found to be suitable for learning registration, navigation, and drilling techniques.
• Participants confirmed accurate spatial representation of deep anatomical structures via navigation.
• The simulation models provided a safe and effective environment for practicing complex procedures.

Conclusions:

• Patient-specific physical models are valuable tools for endoscopic skull base surgery training.
• These models enhance the learning of critical surgical skills in a controlled setting.
• Simulation using accurate anatomical models can accelerate proficiency in complex skull base surgery.