Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule

Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule

In the AX proton spin system, proton A can sense the two spin states of a coupled proton X, resulting in a doublet NMR signal with two peaks of equal (1:1) intensity. When proton A is coupled to two equivalent protons (AX2 spin system), the spin states of each X can be aligned with or against the external field, creating three possible scenarios. This results in a 1:2:1 triplet signal, where the central peak corresponds to the chemical shift of A and is twice as large or intense as the...

¹H NMR: Complex Splitting

¹H NMR: Complex Splitting

A proton M that is coupled to a proton X results in doublet signals for M. However, NMR-active nuclei can be simultaneously coupled to more than one nonequivalent nucleus. When M is coupled to a second proton A, such as in styrene oxide, each peak in the doublet is split into another doublet.
Splitting diagrams or splitting tree diagrams are routinely used to depict such complex couplings. While drawing splitting diagrams, the splitting with the larger coupling constant is usually applied...

¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons

¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons

Replacing each alpha-hydrogen in chloroethane by bromine (or a different functional group) yields a pair of enantiomers. Such protons are called prochiral or enantiotopic and are related by a mirror plane. Enantiotopic protons are chemically equivalent in an achiral environment. Because most proton NMR spectra are recorded using achiral solvents, enantiotopic hydrogens yield a single signal.
In chiral compounds such as 2-butanol, replacing the methylene hydrogens at C3 produces a pair of...

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution

At room temperature, the chair conformer of cyclohexane undergoes rapid ring flipping between two equivalent chair conformers at a rate of approximately 105 times per second. These two chair conformers are in equilibrium. The rapid ring flipping results in the interconversion of the axial proton to an equatorial proton and an equatorial to the axial proton. Such interconversions are too rapid and cannot be detected on the NMR timescale. Hence, the NMR spectrometer cannot distinguish between the...

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR

The axial and equatorial protons in cyclohexane can be distinguished by performing a variable-temperature NMR experiment. In this process, except for one proton, the remaining eleven protons are replaced by deuterium. The deuterium substitution avoids the possible peak splitting caused by the spin-spin coupling between the adjacent protons. The remaining proton flips between the axial and equatorial positions.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Momentum-Resolved Two-Dimensional Spectroscopy as a Probe of Nonlinear Quantum Field Dynamics.

Physical review letters·2026

Same author

Quench Instabilities of a Strongly Interacting Quantum Gas in an Optical Cavity.

Physical review letters·2026

Same author

Magnon hydrodynamics in an atomically thin ferromagnet.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026

Same author

Subgap pumping of antiferromagnetic Mott insulators: photoexcitation mechanisms and applications.

Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)·2026

Same author

Theory of Stimulated and Spontaneous Axion Scattering.

Physical review letters·2026

Same author

Nondestructive Optomechanical Detection Scheme for Bose-Einstein Condensates.

Physical review letters·2026

Same journal

Erratum: Bacterial Turbulence at Compressible Fluid Interfaces [Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 138301 (2026)].

Physical review letters·2026

Same journal

Unveiling Light-Quark Yukawa Flavor Structure via Dihadron Fragmentation at Lepton Colliders.

Physical review letters·2026

Same journal

Adaptable Route to Fast Coherent State Transport via Bang-Bang-Bang Protocols.

Physical review letters·2026

Same journal

Topological Transition and Emergence of Elasticity of Dislocation in Skyrmion Lattice: Beyond Kittel's Magnetic-Polar Analogy.

Physical review letters·2026

Same journal

Pound-Drever-Hall Method for Superconducting-Qubit Readout.

Physical review letters·2026

Same journal

Coupling a ^{73}Ge Nuclear Spin to an Electrostatically Defined Quantum Dot in Silicon.

Physical review letters·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters

Published on: January 9, 2014

Chiral prethermalization in supersonically split condensates.

Kartiek Agarwal¹, Emanuele G Dalla Torre¹, Bernhard Rauer²

¹Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.

Physical Review Letters

|November 22, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Phase relaxation in one-dimensional condensates leads to a prethermal state with distinct temperatures for right- and left-moving excitations. This chirality can be experimentally probed using interference fringe contrasts and may reveal a spacelike Unruh effect.

More Related Videos

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Published on: March 30, 2017

Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers

Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers

Published on: August 18, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters

Published on: January 9, 2014

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Published on: March 30, 2017

Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers

Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers

Published on: August 18, 2017

Area of Science:

Quantum physics
Condensed matter physics
Ultracold atoms

Background:

One-dimensional (1D) Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) exhibit unique quantum phenomena.
Phase relaxation dynamics are crucial for understanding the stability and behavior of quantum states.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the phase relaxation dynamics in a pair of 1D condensates.
To explore the resulting prethermal state and its properties.
To propose experimental methods for probing these phenomena.

Main Methods:

Utilizing the Lorentz invariance of the low-energy sector of 1D condensates.
Analyzing dephasing effects on excitation temperatures.
Proposing experimental measurements of interference fringe contrasts.

Main Results:

Dephasing leads to an unusual prethermal state.
Right- and left-moving excitations acquire different, Doppler-shifted temperatures.
Chirality of modes can be experimentally detected.

Conclusions:

The study reveals a novel prethermal state driven by phase relaxation in 1D condensates.
Experimental verification of mode chirality and potential observation of a spacelike Unruh effect are proposed.
A concrete experimental setup using atom chips is outlined for realization.