Percutaneous nephrolithotomy and ureteroscopy in children: evolutions

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Urology
• Minimally Invasive Surgery
• Nephrolithiasis Management

Background:

• Pediatric stone disease incidence is rising.
• Technological advancements have significantly improved treatment.
• Miniaturized equipment enhances surgical capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review advancements in ureteroscopy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for pediatric stone disease.
• To discuss the applicability of these surgical approaches in current pediatric practice.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on ureteroscopy and PCNL in pediatric patients.
• Analysis of technological improvements in surgical equipment.
• Evaluation of treatment outcomes and patient morbidity.

Main Results:

• Miniaturized ureteroscopes and PCNL equipment allow access to the entire urinary tract.
• Ureteroscopy is now a first-line therapy option alongside shock-wave lithotripsy.
• Advances in PCNL have reduced patient morbidity while maintaining stone clearance.

Conclusions:

• Ureteroscopy and PCNL are highly effective minimally invasive options for pediatric urolithiasis.
• Technological progress continues to refine surgical management of kidney and ureteral stones in children.
• These improved techniques offer better outcomes and reduced complications for pediatric patients.