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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Learning Disabilities01:25

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Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
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The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
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Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
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Related Experiment Video

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Person-first and identity-first language: Developing psychologists' cultural competence using disability language.

Dana S Dunn1, Erin E Andrews2

  • 1Department of Psychology.

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|February 3, 2015
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Psychologists should use both person-first and identity-first language when discussing disability. This approach respects disability communities and enhances cultural competence in psychological practice and research.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Disability Studies
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • The American Psychological Association (APA) recommends person-first language for individuals with disabilities.
  • Disability advocates and scholars propose identity-first language, challenging exclusive person-first use.
  • Disability language reflects evolving models of understanding disability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution of disability language.
  • To analyze the rationale behind person-first and identity-first language.
  • To advocate for the judicious use of both language styles in psychology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of disability language evolution.
  • Analysis of disability models and their linguistic implications.
  • Discussion of challenges and benefits of person-first and identity-first language.

Main Results:

  • Person-first language is linked to specific disability models, while identity-first language has emerged from disability culture.
  • Both language styles present unique challenges and serve distinct purposes.
  • Adopting both can enhance psychologists' cultural competence.

Conclusions:

  • Psychologists should integrate identity-first language alongside person-first constructions.
  • Judicious use of identity-first language can address concerns of disability groups.
  • Employing both language approaches improves dignity, rigor, and cultural competence in psychological communications.