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Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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Intelligence is often thought to be linked to brain size, but the relationship is more complex than that. While brain size does correlate modestly with some abilities, like verbal skills, the connection is weaker for others, such as spatial reasoning. Other factors, like brain structure, also play crucial roles. For instance, despite Einstein's smaller-than-average brain, his parietal cortex, which is involved in spatial reasoning, was 15% wider, suggesting that neural density might matter...
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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)
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Genome-Wide Analyses of Working-Memory Ability: A Review.

E E M Knowles1, S R Mathias1, D R McKay1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA.

Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports
|March 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Genetic studies reveal that neuronal excitability, influenced by ion channels and dopamine signaling, is key to working memory. This finding may identify genes for psychiatric disorders and inform drug development.

Keywords:
CognitionDynamic network connectivityGWAGenomicsWorking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neurogenetics
  • Psychiatric Genetics

Background:

  • Working memory is essential for daily tasks, involving temporary information storage and manipulation.
  • Understanding its genetic basis may illuminate molecular mechanisms and identify genes linked to psychiatric conditions like schizophrenia.
  • Previous genome-wide searches have explored the genetic underpinnings of working memory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize findings from genome-wide searches for genes influencing working memory.
  • To explore the convergence of these genetic findings on neuronal excitability and dopaminergic signaling.
  • To discuss implications for understanding cognitive abilities and developing treatments for mental illness.

Main Methods:

  • Review of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) related to working memory.
  • Analysis of identified genes' roles in neuronal excitability, ion channels, and dopaminergic signaling.
  • Integration of findings with animal models of working memory and prefrontal cortex function.

Main Results:

  • Genome-wide searches consistently highlight the role of neuronal excitability in working memory.
  • Identified genes are involved in ion channel formation and/or dopaminergic signaling pathways.
  • Findings align with animal models emphasizing dopaminergic signaling in prefrontal cortex network connectivity.

Conclusions:

  • Neuronal excitability, modulated by ion channels and dopamine, is a key mediator of working memory.
  • Focusing on identified genes and networks can advance understanding of normal cognitive variation.
  • This research may lead to novel therapeutic targets for mental illnesses with genetic links to working memory deficits.