Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

4.2K
Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
4.2K
Hormones of the Adrenal Glands01:31

Hormones of the Adrenal Glands

7.0K
Adrenal hormones play a pivotal role in maintaining the body's electrolyte balance and orchestrating responses to stress, showcasing the intricate functions of the adrenal cortex and medulla.
The adrenal cortex, a powerhouse of hormone synthesis, generates over two dozen corticosteroid hormones. The zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, exemplified by aldosterone, influencing the electrolyte composition of body fluids. The synthesis of glucocorticoids such as cortisol and...
7.0K
Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands01:17

Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands

6.5K
The adrenal or supra-renal glands, situated above the kidneys and aligned with the twelfth rib, are paired pyramid-shaped structures crucial for the body's stress response. During stress, these glands secrete hormones vital for adaptive physiological reactions.
These glands possess a distinctive yellow tinge due to the stored cholesterol and fatty acids required for hormone synthesis. They are encased in a fibrous capsule and cushioned by fat.
The adrenal gland comprises two distinct...
6.5K
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

71.2K
The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
71.2K
Adrenergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses01:30

Adrenergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses

2.2K
Adrenergic agonists have diverse therapeutic uses across various medical conditions and emergencies.
Emergency and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) applications: Pressor agents increase blood pressure, heart rate, and contractility in shock and organ failure situations. Dopamine can induce vasodilation and stimulate adrenoceptors. Endogenous catecholamines are effective in treating cardiogenic shock. α2-agonists like clonidine can reverse anesthesia-induced hypertension.
Allergies and...
2.2K
Physiological Foundation of Stress01:24

Physiological Foundation of Stress

1.1K
Stress triggers a coordinated physiological response involving the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This dual activation ensures that the body is prepared for both immediate and prolonged stress management. The process begins with the perception of a stressor. This initial phase activates the SNS, leading to the rapid release of adrenaline (epinephrine) from the adrenal glands.
Role of the Sympathetic Nervous System
Adrenaline triggers the...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Do Improving Hepatic Biomarkers Predict Spontaneous Stone Passage? A Retrospective Analysis of ERCP Yield in Suspected Choledocholithiasis.

Digestive diseases and sciences·2026
Same author

Perioperative management of patients taking sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors: Society for Perioperative Assessment and Quality Improvement (SPAQI) multidisciplinary consensus statement.

British journal of anaesthesia·2026
Same author

Perioperative Anemia and Coagulopathy Management in Pediatric Patients with Medical Complexity.

Pediatric clinics of North America·2026
Same author

Distill to the Core: Perioperative Considerations for Children with Medical Complexity.

Pediatric clinics of North America·2026
Same author

Do Chronic Conditions Increase Risk for Postoperative Fevers?

Hospital pediatrics·2026
Same author

Thrombotic Microangiopathy And Hypertensive Emergency After Cocaine Use: A Case Report.

Journal of Brown hospital medicine·2026
Same journal

Hemangiomas: Beyond the Skin.

Pediatrics in review·2026
Same journal

More Than Innocent: A Continuous Murmur in an Infant.

Pediatrics in review·2026
Same journal

Genetic Testing.

Pediatrics in review·2026
Same journal

Visual Diagnosis: Term Infant With a Hemorrhagic Dermatologic Lesion.

Pediatrics in review·2026
Same journal

Long-Term Complications of Sickle Cell Disease.

Pediatrics in review·2026
Same journal

Pediatric Multisystemic Illness With Cardiac Involvement: A Diagnostic Challenge.

Pediatrics in review·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
06:08

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling

Published on: September 15, 2017

24.6K

Adrenal insufficiency.

Moises Auron1, Nouhad Raissouni2

  • 1Department of Hospital Medicine, Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH. Department of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Children's, Cleveland, OH.

Pediatrics in Review
|March 4, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adrenal insufficiency, a critical condition from hormone deficiency, requires early detection to prevent fatal outcomes. Recognizing vague symptoms and understanding causes are key for timely intervention.

More Related Videos

Primary Culture of Rat Adrenocortical Cells and Assays of Steroidogenic Functions
04:33

Primary Culture of Rat Adrenocortical Cells and Assays of Steroidogenic Functions

Published on: March 12, 2019

8.7K
Fecal Glucocorticoid Analysis: Non-invasive Adrenal Monitoring in Equids
08:02

Fecal Glucocorticoid Analysis: Non-invasive Adrenal Monitoring in Equids

Published on: April 25, 2016

10.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 16, 2026

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
06:08

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling

Published on: September 15, 2017

24.6K
Primary Culture of Rat Adrenocortical Cells and Assays of Steroidogenic Functions
04:33

Primary Culture of Rat Adrenocortical Cells and Assays of Steroidogenic Functions

Published on: March 12, 2019

8.7K
Fecal Glucocorticoid Analysis: Non-invasive Adrenal Monitoring in Equids
08:02

Fecal Glucocorticoid Analysis: Non-invasive Adrenal Monitoring in Equids

Published on: April 25, 2016

10.2K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Adrenal insufficiency is a severe condition resulting from insufficient glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid hormone secretion.
  • It stems from adrenal gland issues or hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction.
  • Common pediatric causes include congenital adrenal hyperplasia, autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome, and adrenoleukodystrophy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical nature of adrenal insufficiency.
  • To emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and management.
  • To inform clinicians about diagnostic challenges and management during stress.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established causes and clinical presentations of adrenal insufficiency.
  • Discussion of diagnostic challenges, particularly early, vague symptoms.
  • Emphasis on clinical suspicion and appropriate management strategies.

Main Results:

  • Adrenal insufficiency can arise from primary adrenal issues or HPA axis impairment.
  • Pediatric causes vary, with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and autoimmune conditions being prominent.
  • Acquired cases often linked to corticosteroid withdrawal or non-adherence.
  • Classic signs exist, but early symptoms are often non-specific, necessitating high clinical suspicion.

Conclusions:

  • Early identification of adrenal insufficiency is vital to prevent life-threatening cardiovascular and hemodynamic compromise.
  • Clinicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for vague symptoms.
  • Increased corticosteroid supplementation during stress is crucial for managing adrenal insufficiency.