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Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:26

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The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
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Reductive photocatalysis and smart inks.

Andrew Mills1, Nathan Wells

  • 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT18 9ET, UK. andrew.mills@qub.ac.uk.

Chemical Society Reviews
|March 17, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Semiconductor-sensitised photocatalysis is explored for oxidative and reductive applications. Reductive photocatalysis (RP) in smart inks offers novel uses like UV dosimetry, oxygen sensing, and tarnish removal.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Semiconductor-sensitised photocatalysis is a growing field, primarily commercialized for oxidative photocatalysis (OP) in self-cleaning materials using TiO2.
  • While OP is well-established, reductive photocatalysis (RP) using semiconductor sensitisers is gaining importance for novel applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the significant and growing area of reductive photocatalysis (RP) using semiconductor sensitisers.
  • To highlight the development and potential of RP in "smart inks" for various applications.

Main Methods:

  • The review focuses on systems utilizing semiconductor sensitisers to promote RP, with easily oxidised species as electron donors.
  • Examples discussed include photocatalyst activity indicator inks, UV dosimeters, oxygen-sensitive inks, and inks for tarnish removal.

Main Results:

  • RP enables the creation of smart inks that provide dynamic information (UV dose, O2 levels) or perform useful functions (tarnish removal).
  • Specific applications include irreversible RP for photocatalyst testing and UV dosimetry, and reversible RP for oxygen sensing in food packaging.

Conclusions:

  • Reductive photocatalysis offers a versatile platform for developing advanced "smart ink" technologies.
  • These RP-based smart inks have significant commercial potential in diverse sectors, from diagnostics to packaging and materials treatment.