National diagnostic reference level initiative for computed tomography examinations in Kenya

Area of Science:

• Radiology
• Medical Physics
• Public Health

Background:

• Computed tomography (CT) is a vital diagnostic tool, but patient radiation exposure requires careful monitoring.
• Variability in CT examination practices necessitates establishing national benchmarks for radiation safety.

Purpose of the Study:

• To estimate CT examination frequency and patient radiation exposure in clinical practice.
• To determine national diagnostic reference levels (NDRLs) for various CT examinations.
• To assess the overall radiation burden from CT procedures nationwide.

Main Methods:

• A nationwide survey using structured questionnaires collected data on CT examination frequency, protocols, and patient radiation doses.
• Dose metrics including volume-weighted CT dose index and dose length product were analyzed.
• Effective doses and NDRLs were calculated for 20 adult and pediatric CT examination types.

Main Results:

• The national annual CT examination rate was estimated at 3 procedures per 1000 people.
• Significant variation in radiation exposure was observed across different facilities.
• National diagnostic reference levels (NDRLs) were determined for 20 common CT examinations.

Conclusions:

• Implementing standardized diagnostic reference levels (NDRLs) is crucial for optimizing patient radiation protection.
• A need exists to develop and implement NDRLs nationwide to ensure consistent radiological safety standards.
• Variability in radiation exposure underscores the importance of standardized protocols and optimization tools.