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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
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Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy01:21

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Satellite stem cells or myosatellite cells are quiescent stem cells that Alexander Mauro first identified in 1961. These cells are located between the sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of muscle fibers, and the basal lamina, the connective tissue sheath covering it. These mononucleated cells are activated in response to muscle injury, can transform into myoblasts, and may form or repair muscle fibers. Myosatellite cells can provide additional myonuclei for muscle regeneration or return to a...
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Cross-bridge Cycle01:26

Cross-bridge Cycle

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As muscle contracts, the overlap between the thin and thick filaments increases, decreasing the length of the sarcomere—the contractile unit of the muscle—using energy in the form of ATP. At the molecular level, this is a cyclic, multistep process that involves binding and hydrolysis of ATP, and movement of actin by myosin.
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Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:27

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Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is characterized by narrowed arteries that diminish blood flow to the extremities. Effective management of PAD requires an interprofessional approach involving various healthcare professionals. The critical aspects of interprofessional care for PAD patients focus on risk factor modification, drug therapy, exercise therapy, nutrition therapy, critical limb ischemia care, and interventional radiology and surgical procedures.The primary treatment goal for PAD...
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Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
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High-Resolution Three-Dimensional Imaging of the Footpad Vasculature in a Murine Hindlimb Gangrene Model
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Abnormal myofiber morphology and limb dysfunction in claudication.

Panagiotis Koutakis1, Sara A Myers2, Kim Cluff3

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.

The Journal of Surgical Research
|March 21, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) alters calf muscle fiber shape and size, impacting strength and walking ability. These specific myofiber morphometrics can help diagnose and stage PAD.

Keywords:
ClaudicationMyofiber morphologyWalking distance

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical research
  • Muscle physiology
  • Vascular disease

Background:

  • Peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects millions, characterized by atherosclerotic plaques reducing leg blood flow.
  • Chronic ischemia in PAD patients leads to myofiber degradation and loss of normal muscle morphology.
  • This study investigates differences in calf muscle myofiber morphometrics between PAD patients and controls.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if calf muscle myofiber morphometrics differ significantly in PAD patients compared to healthy individuals.
  • To determine if these morphometric differences correlate with reduced calf muscle strength and walking performance.

Main Methods:

  • Gastrocnemius muscle biopsies were obtained from 154 PAD patients (Fontaine stage II) and 85 controls.
  • Morphometric parameters of gastrocnemius muscle fibers were analyzed.
  • Associations between fiber parameters, walking distances, and muscle strength were evaluated.

Main Results:

  • PAD myofibers exhibited significantly decreased cross-sectional area, axes, diameter, perimeter, solidity, and density compared to controls.
  • PAD myofibers showed significantly increased roundness.
  • Myofiber morphometrics, particularly cross-sectional area, roundness, and solidity, predicted muscle strength and walking distances.

Conclusions:

  • Calf muscle myofiber morphometrics are significantly altered in PAD patients.
  • These alterations correlate with and predict reduced muscle strength and walking capacity.
  • Gastrocnemius myofiber morphometrics may offer objective criteria for PAD diagnosis, staging, and treatment.