Endocannabinoid signaling at the periphery: 50 years after THC

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Pharmacology
• Physiology

Background:

• The endocannabinoid system (ECS) comprises endogenous ligands (endocannabinoids), their receptors, and metabolic enzymes.
• Endocannabinoids, such as anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), are synthesized and degraded by specific proteins.
• The ECS plays a crucial role in regulating fundamental biological processes, including cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current state of knowledge regarding the functions of the peripheral endocannabinoid system.
• To establish consensus on the significance of the peripheral ECS in human health and disease.
• To identify emerging challenges and therapeutic opportunities related to the peripheral ECS.

Main Methods:

• This work is a review article, synthesizing existing research from leading experts in the field.
• It focuses on critical endocannabinoid functions within peripheral organs.
• The review aims to consolidate views on the peripheral ECS's role in pathophysiology.

Main Results:

• Endocannabinoids are recognized as key mediators in various aspects of human pathophysiology.
• The peripheral ECS is involved in fundamental biological processes, influencing cell fate and stem cell behavior.
• Significant research has elucidated the impact of endocannabinoids on human health and disease.

Conclusions:

• The peripheral ECS is a critical regulator of human health and disease pathogenesis.
• Understanding the peripheral ECS offers potential for novel therapeutic strategies.
• Further research is needed to address emerging challenges and fully harness the therapeutic potential of the ECS.