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Anaphylaxis to drugs.

Merin Kuruvilla1, David A Khan2

  • 1Atlanta ENT, 5555 Peachtree Dunwoody Rd, Suite 125, Atlanta, GA-30342, USA.

Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America
|April 6, 2015
PubMed
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Drug-induced anaphylaxis, often fatal, is commonly caused by antibiotics and contrast agents. Vocal cord dysfunction can mimic anaphylaxis, but diagnostic tests like skin testing can help identify drug triggers.

Area of Science:

  • Clinical Immunology
  • Allergy and Clinical Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Drug-induced anaphylaxis is a significant cause of anaphylaxis and mortality.
  • Commonly implicated drugs include antibiotics, radiocontrast media, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
  • Vocal cord dysfunction is a differential diagnosis that can mimic anaphylaxis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the causes and diagnostic approaches for drug-induced anaphylaxis.
  • To highlight the role of specific drug classes, such as beta-lactams and radiocontrast agents.
  • To discuss the diagnostic utility of skin testing and drug challenges.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on drug-induced anaphylaxis.
  • Analysis of implicated drug classes and their associated mechanisms.
Keywords:
AnaphylaxisCephalosporinDrugNSAIDPenicillinProton pump inhibitorRadiocontrastVocal cord dysfunction

Related Experiment Videos

  • Evaluation of diagnostic strategies including skin testing and drug challenges.

    • Main Results:

    • Beta-lactam antibiotics are frequent triggers, with skin testing and drug challenges aiding tolerability assessment.
    • Nonionic contrast agents are less frequent causes of anaphylaxis than ionic agents, with potential IgE involvement.
    • Skin testing may be valuable for evaluating nonionic contrast-induced anaphylaxis.

    Conclusions:

    • Accurate diagnosis of drug-induced anaphylaxis is crucial for patient management.
    • Diagnostic tools like skin testing can differentiate drug allergies and guide safe medication use.
    • Considering differential diagnoses such as vocal cord dysfunction is important.