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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

224
Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
224
Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Overview
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Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

218
Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
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Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice
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Idiopathic anaphylaxis.

Nana Fenny1, Leslie C Grammer1

  • 1Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Suite 1000, 211 East Ontario Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.

Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America
|April 6, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Idiopathic anaphylaxis is diagnosed by ruling out other causes. While its exact cause is unknown, treatments like epinephrine and antihistamines are effective, leading to a favorable prognosis.

Keywords:
AnaphylaxisIdiopathic anaphylaxisMast cell activation syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergy and Immunology

Background:

  • Idiopathic anaphylaxis is a diagnosis of exclusion, meaning other causes must be ruled out.
  • The exact pathogenesis of idiopathic anaphylaxis is uncertain, but activated lymphocytes and histamine-releasing factors are suspected.
  • Clinical presentation of idiopathic anaphylaxis mirrors other forms of anaphylaxis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current understanding of idiopathic anaphylaxis, including its diagnosis, pathogenesis, clinical features, treatment, and prognosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on idiopathic anaphylaxis.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria and exclusion of other potential causes.
  • Evaluation of implicated pathogenetic factors and their roles.

Main Results:

  • Idiopathic anaphylaxis requires thorough exclusion of known causes.
  • Potential pathogenetic factors include increased activated lymphocytes and histamine-releasing factors.
  • Symptoms are indistinguishable from other anaphylactic reactions.

Conclusions:

  • Idiopathic anaphylaxis is a diagnosis of exclusion with uncertain pathogenesis.
  • Treatment is guided by symptom frequency and severity, utilizing epinephrine autoinjectors, antihistamines, and steroids.
  • The prognosis is generally favorable with appropriate management and patient education.