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Related Concept Videos

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II01:11

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II

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Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...
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The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
Gray Matter and its Components
Central to the gray matter is...
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Anatomy of the Brain: Major Regions01:20

Anatomy of the Brain: Major Regions

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The brain is the most complex organ in the human body. It consists of four main parts: the cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, and brainstem.
The cerebrum is the largest section of the brain and divides into left and right hemispheres, separated by a deep fissure. The cerebral outer layer of grey matter — the cerebral cortex — comprises elevations called gyri and shallow groves called sulci. The inner portion of white matter includes long nerve fibers known as axons, which connect...
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Organization of the Brain01:30

Organization of the Brain

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The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
Hindbrain
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Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions01:17

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The cerebellum, also known as the "little brain," is located in the posterior cranial fossa, inferior to the tentorium cerebelli and dorsal to the brainstem. It plays a significant role in motor control, coordination, and proprioception.
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Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Fiber Connections of the Supplementary Motor Area Revisited: Methodology of Fiber Dissection, DTI, and Three Dimensional Documentation
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[Brain function and white matter].

Hiroaki Wake1, Daisuke Kato

  • 1Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences.

Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No Shinpo
|April 8, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Myelin, the insulation around nerve cell axons, can change with neuronal activity. This plasticity in myelin plays a crucial role in brain learning and training.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cellular Biology
  • Neurobiology

Context:

  • Neural information processing primarily occurs in the brain's gray matter, involving synapses.
  • Myelinated axons, located beneath gray matter, form crucial neural circuits but were historically overlooked.
  • Recent findings highlight the plasticity of myelin, formed by oligodendrocytes, in response to neuronal activity.

Purpose:

  • To discuss the plastic changes of myelin.
  • To explore the functional role of myelin plasticity in learning and training.

Summary:

  • The brain's gray matter, rich in synapses, is known for neural processing and plasticity.
  • Myelinated axons, previously underappreciated, are vital for inter-regional neural communication.
  • Oligodendrocyte-formed myelin exhibits activity-dependent plastic changes, influencing neural circuit function.

Impact:

  • This research shifts focus to the dynamic role of myelin in neural circuits.
  • Understanding myelin plasticity offers new insights into the mechanisms of learning and training.
  • Highlights potential therapeutic targets for neurological disorders affecting myelin.