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Modifiable demographic factors that differentiate bronchiolitis from pneumonia in Nepalese children less than two

T Malla1, P Poudyal2, K K Malla1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Manipal Teaching Hospital, Phulbari, Pokhara, Nepal.

Kathmandu University Medical Journal (KUMJ)
|April 10, 2015
PubMed

Insights

This study identified key modifiable risk factors for childhood bronchiolitis and pneumonia, emphasizing the need for targeted prevention strategies to reduce disease burden.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Public health

Background:

  • Bronchiolitis and pneumonia are significant causes of childhood mortality and morbidity.
  • Limited data exists on risk factors in this specific region.
  • Clinical overlap necessitates evaluating demographic differences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify modifiable demographic risk factors for bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children under two years old.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, comparative hospital-based study conducted from March 2012 to March 2013.
  • 200 cases of bronchiolitis and 200 cases of pneumonia (age 2-24 months) were analyzed.
  • Statistical significance was determined with a p-value < 0.05 using SPSS version 16.

Main Results:

  • Bronchiolitis risk factors: young infant age, prematurity, male sex, younger maternal age, poor maternal knowledge, air pollution, indoor cooking fuel exposure, tobacco smoke, overcrowding, winter season, domestic pets, low birth weight, and animal milk consumption.
  • Pneumonia risk factors: older infant age (13-24 months), maternal age 26-35, female sex, malnutrition, and lack of Vitamin A supplementation and immunization.

Conclusions:

  • Identified risk factors for both diseases are largely modifiable.
  • Prevention of these factors can significantly decrease the burden of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children.
Abstract

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