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09:45
Detection of Copy Number Alterations Using Single Cell Sequencing
Published on: February 17, 2017
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Dosage compensation can buffer copy-number variation in wild yeast.
James Hose1, Chris Mun Yong1, Maria Sardi1
1Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States.
Elife
|May 9, 2015
Summary
Wild yeast commonly use aneuploidy, a condition of abnormal chromosome numbers, for rapid evolution. Gene dosage compensation buffers most amplified genes, allowing cells to adapt and evolve new traits.
Area of Science:
- Genetics
- Evolutionary Biology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Aneuploidy, an abnormal chromosome number, is linked to diseases but also drives organismal evolution.
- The mechanisms by which cells tolerate aneuploidy during evolutionary adaptation remain largely unknown.
- Laboratory yeast strains exhibit high sensitivity to aneuploidy, contrasting with its prevalence in wild isolates.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate how wild yeast tolerate and utilize aneuploidy for adaptation and evolution.
- To determine the role of gene dosage compensation in buffering the effects of aneuploidy.
- To explore the ecological advantages conferred by aneuploidy in natural yeast populations.
Main Methods:
- Generation of diploid yeast strain panels with varying chromosome copy numbers (2, 3, or 4 copies).
- Analysis of gene expression levels in aneuploid strains to assess dosage compensation.
- Comparative analysis of gene expression constraints and gene amplification rates in wild yeast populations.
- Ecological advantage assessment of aneuploidy in a specific oak yeast strain (YPS1009).
Main Results:
- Aneuploidy is prevalent in wild yeast isolates, contrary to the sensitivity observed in laboratory strains.
- Gene dosage compensation effectively buffers gene expression for over 30% of amplified genes in aneuploid yeast.
- Genes under dosage compensation exhibit higher expression constraints in wild populations but also higher rates of gene amplification.
- Aneuploidy conferred a significant ecological advantage to the oak strain YPS1009 due to the amplification of a specific gene escaping dosage compensation.
Conclusions:
- Gene dosage compensation acts as a buffer against the deleterious effects of gene amplification via aneuploidy.
- Aneuploidy, buffered by dosage compensation, provides a transient yet effective route for rapid phenotypic evolution in natural yeast.
- This study presents a model for how aneuploidy facilitates adaptation and evolution in wild yeast populations.
Keywords:
S. cerevisiaeaneuploidycomputational biologycopy number variationevolutionary biologygene expressiongenomicsnatural variationstress resistancesystems biologyMore Related Videos
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