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Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor
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Double-layered metal grating for high-performance refractive index sensing.

Guozhen Li, Yang Shen, Guohui Xiao

    Optics Express
    |May 14, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a novel double-layered metal grating (DMG) sensor for highly sensitive refractive index detection. The DMG sensor achieves a superior figure of merit (FOM) for real-time, label-free molecular binding events.

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    Area of Science:

    • Nanophotonics and Plasmonics
    • Optical Sensing Technologies
    • Biomedical Engineering

    Background:

    • Localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) in metal nanostructures enable label-free detection of molecular binding.
    • However, LSPRs exhibit a lower figure of merit (FOM) compared to propagating plasmons, limiting their sensing performance.
    • There is a need for high-performance refractive index sensors for sensitive molecular detection.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and experimentally demonstrate a high-performance refractive index sensor using a double-layered metal grating (DMG).
    • To investigate the mechanism behind the enhanced sensing performance of the DMG structure.
    • To evaluate the potential of DMG for label-free biomedical sensing applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication and characterization of a double-layered metal grating (DMG) structure.
    • Experimental measurement of refractive index sensing performance under normal incidence.
    • Analysis of the underlying physical mechanism, including Fano resonance and Wood's anomaly, using optical spectroscopy.

    Main Results:

    • The DMG sensor achieved a high figure of merit (FOM) of 38 and FOM* of 40.
    • The enhanced performance is attributed to sharp Fano resonance resulting from the interference between LSPR and Wood's anomaly (WA).
    • A small conformal decay length of approximately 68 nm was determined for the DMG sensor.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed DMG structure represents a significant advancement in refractive index sensing.
    • The high FOM and FOM* demonstrate the potential of DMG for sensitive, label-free detection.
    • DMG is a promising candidate for future label-free biomedical sensing applications due to its high performance and small decay length.