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Related Concept Videos

Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

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Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
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Directional Terms01:14

Directional Terms

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Directional terms are essential for describing the relative locations of different body structures. For instance, an anatomist might describe one band of tissue as "inferior to" another, or a physician might describe a tumor as "superficial to" a deeper body structure. These terms often use comparative terms in pairs to trace out the relative locations of one body part to another or descriptions of body tissues like the deeper ones from superficially present with reference to...
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Position and Displacement01:31

Position and Displacement

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The position of an object defines its location relative to a convenient frame of reference at any particular time. A frame of reference is an arbitrary set of axes from which the position and motion of an object are described. Earth is often used as a frame of reference, and we often describe the position of an object as it relates to stationary objects on Earth. For example, a rocket launch could be described in terms of the position of the rocket with respect to Earth as a whole. On the other...
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Statistical Significance01:37

Statistical Significance

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Once data is collected from both the experimental and the control groups, a statistical analysis is conducted to find out if there are meaningful differences between the two groups. A statistical analysis determines how likely any difference found is due to chance (and thus not meaningful). In psychology, group differences are considered meaningful, or significant, if the odds that these differences occurred by chance alone are 5 percent or less. Stated another way, if we repeated this...
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Comparing Experimental Results: Student's t-Test01:09

Comparing Experimental Results: Student's t-Test

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The t-test is a statistical method used to compare the sample mean with a population mean or compare two means from two data sets. The test statistic is calculated from the standard deviation, mean, and number of measurements in the data set at a selected confidence interval and then compared to a table of critical values at this confidence level. If the test statistic is smaller than the critical value, the null hypothesis is accepted. In this case, we state that the difference between the...
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Cognitive Dissonance01:38

Cognitive Dissonance

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Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
09:27

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

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This, that, or something different?

Hassan A Aziz1, Joseph N Martel1, Charles V Biscotti1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.

Survey of Ophthalmology
|May 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A choroidal mass in a 72-year-old man was diagnosed as metastatic carcinoid tumor. This rare finding in the eye was treated with iodine-125 brachytherapy.

Keywords:
choroidal massfine needle aspiration biopsymelanomamultiple myelomaneuroendocrine thymoma

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • A 72-year-old male patient with a history of multiple myeloma and neuroendocrine thymoma presented with an incidentally detected choroidal mass.
  • Neuroendocrine tumors, particularly carcinoid tumors, are rare causes of ocular metastasis.

Observation:

  • The choroidal mass was incidentally discovered during a routine fundus examination of the right eye.
  • Diagnostic workup included fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the choroidal lesion.

Findings:

  • Fine-needle aspiration biopsy confirmed the presence of metastatic carcinoid tumor in the choroid.
  • The patient's history of neuroendocrine thymoma was a key factor in diagnosing the ocular metastasis.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering metastatic neuroendocrine tumors in the differential diagnosis of choroidal masses.
  • Successful treatment with iodine-125 brachytherapy was achieved for this rare presentation of ocular carcinoid metastasis.