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Related Concept Videos

Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

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Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
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Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

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Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
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Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
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Updated: Apr 7, 2026

Hippocampal Neuronal Cultures to Detect and Study New Pathogenic Antibodies Involved in Autoimmune Encephalitis
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[Update on Herpes Simplex Encephalitis].

Hiroshi Kuroda1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine.

Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No Shinpo
|July 11, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) involves immune-mediated brain damage. Early diagnosis via PCR and prompt acyclovir treatment are crucial for better outcomes in this severe neuro-infectious disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Context:

  • Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) presents significant mortality and morbidity.
  • Understanding HSE pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment is critical.

Purpose:

  • To review recent advancements in the pathomechanism, diagnosis, and treatment of HSE.
  • To highlight the immune-mediated tissue damage as a key mechanism in HSE.

Summary:

  • HSE symptoms include psychiatric changes and amnesia due to limbic system involvement.
  • Differential diagnosis includes autoimmune limbic encephalitis.
  • Definitive diagnosis relies on detecting herpes simplex virus (HSV)-DNA or HSV-IgG antibody in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), often requiring repeated tests.
  • Acyclovir (ACV) is the primary treatment, with early initiation vital for patient outcomes.
  • The efficacy of adjunctive corticosteroids is under investigation in ongoing clinical trials.

Impact:

  • This review provides a comprehensive overview of HSE, aiding clinicians in diagnosis and management.
  • It emphasizes the importance of early intervention and highlights areas for future research, particularly regarding corticosteroid therapy.