Ross procedure in adults: is reoperation a real concern?

Reintervention after the Ross procedure (RP) remains a concern. Hence, the study aim was to assess the long-term results of the RP in adults and to identify predictors of reoperation.

Between 1995 and 2012, a total of 263 consecutive patients (189 males, 74 females; mean age 42 ± 14 years) underwent the RP, using the free-standing root technique. The mean follow up was 7.5 ± 5.0 years and was 94% complete. Survival, and freedom from autograft, homograft and Ross-related reoperation were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier analysis, while Cox proportional hazard regression was used to identify predictors of reoperation.

Early mortality was 2.6% (n = 7) and late mortality 4.9% (n = 14). Survival at 13 years was 90% (95% CI 80-95%). Freedom from homograft, autograft and Ross-related reoperation at 13 years were 97% (95% CI 90-99%), 92% (95% CI 82-96%) and 90% (95% CI 81-95%), respectively. No predictors of homograft reoperation were identified. Freedom from autograft reoperation was not significantly different for patients with preoperative aortic insufficiency (AI) (88%; 95% CI 74-95% at 13 years) compared to those with aortic stenosis (96%; 95% CI 84-99% at 13 years), or both (86%; 95% CI 51-97% at 13 years) (p = 0.62). Other variables (gender, aortic/pulmonary mismatch and aortic annulus diameter) were not significantly associated with the need for autograft reoperation.

Despite its complexity and reoperation rate, RP should be considered as a valid surgical option for aortic valve disease treatment in selected patients. Among the present series, no predictors for homograft or autograft reoperation were identified.