Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

1.4K
In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
1.4K
Directionality of Nuclear Transport01:42

Directionality of Nuclear Transport

5.1K
Ras-related nuclear protein or Ran is a small G protein that cycles between its GTP and GDP bound states. Ran specific regulators, a Ran GTPase Activating Protein or RanGAP present in the cytosol and a Ran guanine nucleotide exchange factor or RanGEF present inside the nucleus regulate GTP/GDP exchange. A high concentration of GTP inside the cells, in addition to this asymmetric distribution of  Ran-specific regulators, leads to a higher RanGTP concentration inside the nucleus. This...
5.1K
Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

913
A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
913
Nuclear Stability03:18

Nuclear Stability

24.4K
Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together...
24.4K
Non-conservative Forces01:17

Non-conservative Forces

10.3K
Non-conservative forces are dissipative forces such as friction or air resistance. These forces take energy away from a system as it progresses. Unlike conservative forces, non-conservative forces do not have potential energy associated with them. This is because the energy is lost to the system and cannot be turned into useful work later.
Also unlike their conservative counterparts, they are path-dependent; where the object starts and stops does matter. For example, a grinding wheel applies a...
10.3K
Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics01:17

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics

1.7K
Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
When administered orally, drugs establish a substantial concentration gradient between the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen and the bloodstream, expediting...
1.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Engineering NonBinary Rydberg Interactions via Phonons in an Optical Lattice.

Physical review letters·2020
Same author

Classical stochastic discrete time crystals.

Physical review. E·2020
Same author

Shuttling of Rydberg Ions for Fast Entangling Operations.

Physical review letters·2019
Same author

Discrete Time Crystals in the Absence of Manifest Symmetries or Disorder in Open Quantum Systems.

Physical review letters·2019
Same author

A terahertz-driven non-equilibrium phase transition in a room temperature atomic vapour.

Nature communications·2018
Same author

Phase Transitions in Electron Spin Resonance Under Continuous Microwave Driving.

Physical review letters·2017
Same journal

Erratum: Bacterial Turbulence at Compressible Fluid Interfaces [Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 138301 (2026)].

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Unveiling Light-Quark Yukawa Flavor Structure via Dihadron Fragmentation at Lepton Colliders.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Adaptable Route to Fast Coherent State Transport via Bang-Bang-Bang Protocols.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Topological Transition and Emergence of Elasticity of Dislocation in Skyrmion Lattice: Beyond Kittel's Magnetic-Polar Analogy.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Pound-Drever-Hall Method for Superconducting-Qubit Readout.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Coupling a ^{73}Ge Nuclear Spin to an Electrostatically Defined Quantum Dot in Silicon.

Physical review letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Instrumentation for Real-time Enzymatic Reaction Rate Measurements by NMR
10:54

Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Instrumentation for Real-time Enzymatic Reaction Rate Measurements by NMR

Published on: February 23, 2016

11.3K

Dynamic Nuclear Polarization as Kinetically Constrained Diffusion.

A Karabanov1, D Wiśniewski1, I Lesanovsky1

  • 1Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.

Physical Review Letters
|July 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) enhances nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals without strong magnetic fields. This study reveals a novel "kinetically constrained diffusion" mechanism driving DNP

More Related Videos

Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging
11:43

Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging

Published on: December 30, 2016

11.2K
Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

8.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Instrumentation for Real-time Enzymatic Reaction Rate Measurements by NMR
10:54

Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Instrumentation for Real-time Enzymatic Reaction Rate Measurements by NMR

Published on: February 23, 2016

11.3K
Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging
11:43

Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging

Published on: December 30, 2016

11.2K
Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

8.6K

Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) significantly enhances spin polarization for NMR applications.
  • Current understanding of DNP mechanisms lacks detailed theoretical depth.
  • DNP offers a route to circumvent the need for high magnetic fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the theoretical mechanism behind solid-effect DNP.
  • To develop a tractable model for studying large spin ensembles in DNP.
  • To advance the application of nonequilibrium quantum many-body physics.

Main Methods:

  • Formulation of solid-effect DNP using a quantum central spin model.
  • Analytical investigation of a single electron coupled to interacting nuclei.
  • Development of a numerical approach for large spin ensembles.

Main Results:

  • Identified a 'kinetically constrained diffusion' mechanism crucial for DNP.
  • Enabled numerical studies of thousands of spins, overcoming limitations of quantum master equations.
  • Provided analytical insights into nonequilibrium spin polarization buildup.

Conclusions:

  • The 'kinetically constrained diffusion' mechanism is key to understanding DNP.
  • The new model facilitates the study of complex spin systems.
  • This work advances the harnessing of quantum phenomena for technological applications.