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Current concepts in functional gastrointestinal disorders.

Katja Kovacic1

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Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) involve complex brain-gut interactions. Understanding these mechanisms and using a multidisciplinary approach is key for managing pediatric FGIDs effectively.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Neurogastroenterology
  • Microbiome Research

Background:

  • Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are prevalent and challenging in pediatrics.
  • Recurrent abdominal pain is a hallmark of pain-associated FGIDs, including irritable bowel syndrome.
  • Understanding FGID pathophysiology is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current pathophysiological concepts of FGIDs.
  • To highlight emerging concepts like the brain-gut axis, microbiota, and the biopsychosocial model.
  • To emphasize the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in FGID management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on FGID pathophysiology.
  • Analysis of emerging concepts including the brain-gut axis, microbiota, and biopsychosocial model.
  • Synthesis of findings to inform management strategies.

Main Results:

  • The brain-gut axis, microbiota, and biopsychosocial model are key emerging concepts in FGIDs.
  • Aberrant processing of gut signals leads to visceral hypersensitivity, a central mechanism in functional pain.
  • Interactions between microbiota and nervous systems link gut function to perception.

Conclusions:

  • FGIDs are characterized by complex mechanisms and aberrant brain-gut neural connections.
  • Successful FGID management requires understanding pathophysiology and a multidisciplinary approach.
  • Treatment should integrate cognitive behavioral therapy, dietary adjustments, motility agents, and psychotropic drugs.